Industries of World Notes with PDF
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Geography: Industrial Cities & Their Specialisations
Iron and Steel Centres
- United States: Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Salem
- China: Anshan
- Canada: Hamilton
- United Kingdom: Birmingham
- Germany: Essen
- Russia: Magnitogorsk
- France: Lorraine (Major industrial region)
Automobile Industry Centres
- United States: Detroit (Centre of the automobile industry)
- Note: Houston (USA) is not a major automobile centre.
Textile Industry Centres
- Cotton Textiles:
- Japan: Osaka, Nagoya
- China: Shanghai
- Jute Textiles:
- United Kingdom: Dundee
- Silk Textiles:
- Italy: Milan
- Wool Production:
- Germany: Wuppertal
- United Kingdom: Bradford
- Italy: Prato
Shipbuilding Centres
- United Kingdom: Glasgow
- Russia: St. Petersburg (Leningrad)
- China: Shanghai
- United States: Philadelphia, Houston, Sparrows Point (MD), New Orleans (LA)
- Italy: Venice
- Japan: Yokohama
- Non-Shipbuilding Centres (Clarifications):
- Birmingham (UK) is not a shipbuilding centre.
- Chelyabinsk (Russia) is not a shipbuilding centre.
- Moscow (Russia) is not a shipbuilding centre.
- Camden, Florida (USA) is not correctly matched as a major shipbuilding centre.
Other Industrial Specialisations
- United Kingdom: Sheffield (Cutlery)
- Cuba: Havana (Cigars)
- United States:
- Los Angeles (Aircraft industry)
- Texas (Chemical industry)
- Iran: Abadan (Oil refineries)
- South Africa: Johannesburg (Gold mining)
- Japan: Nagoya (Aircraft industry)
Geography: Major Industrial Regions by Country
United Kingdom (UK)
- Lancashire Region
- Scotland (Clarification: It is an industrial region in the UK, not in Sweden)
- Saxony is not an industrial region in the UK.
Germany
- Ruhr Region
- Saxony
- Wuppertal (Wool production)
Japan
- Keihin Region
- Kanto Plains
- Kinki Region
- Industry Notes:
- All major iron and steel centres are located in the southern coastal region (market-based location).
- Osaka is known as the ‘Manchester of the East’.
- Northern Kyushu is known for cotton textiles.
- A leading country in Eastern Asia for shipbuilding.
United States of America (USA)
- Southern Appalachian Region
- New England / Southern New England (Clarification: It is an industrial region in the USA, not in the UK)
Other European Regions
- France: Lorraine (Clarification: It is an industrial region in France, not in Italy)
- Italy: Po Valley
- Belgium/France: Flanders Industrial Region
Other Countries
- China: Canton (Guangdong) Region
- Brazil: Belo Horizonte
Geography: Resources, Energy, and Location Factors
Resources and Mining Regions
- Coal Fields:
- Russia: Kuzbas (Kuznetsk Basin)
- Australia: New South Wales
- United Kingdom: Bristol
- China: Red Basin (Sichuan Basin)
- Iron Ore Mining:
- USA: Mesabi Range (Clarification: It is an iron ore region, not a coal field)
- Oil and Gas:
- United Kingdom: Aberdeen (Oil capital of Europe)
Energy Sources
- Renewable: Biomass
- Non-Renewable: Coal, Petroleum, Kerosene
Industry Location Factors
- Footloose Industries: Not tied to raw material sources.
- Examples: Software industry, Electronics industry.
- Raw Material Oriented Industries: Location heavily influenced by raw material sources.
- Examples: Iron and Steel, Sugar, Cement, Aluminium.
Industrial By-products & Raw Materials
Sugar Industry By-products
- Bagasse: Crushed sugarcane residue used as a biomass fuel.
- Molasses: Used for the production of ethanol.
- Clarification: Molasses is not typically used for producing synthetic chemical fertilizers.
Paper Pulp Raw Materials
- Woody materials (e.g., Poplar)
- Agricultural residues (e.g., Bagasse)
Global Production and Trading Centres
Leading Producers by Product
- Cotton Textiles: China is the world’s leading producer.
- Wool: Australia is the biggest wool-producing country in the world.
- Shipbuilding: Japan is a leading country in Eastern Asia.
Global Trading Centres
- London: The largest metal trading centre in the world.
Urban Geography Terms
- Umland: A geographical term referring to the area surrounding a town or city (its hinterland or zone of influence).
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