1. The Ganga river is an example of :
(a) The Antecedent Drainage
(b) Consequent Drainage System
(c) Superimposed Drainage System
(d) Subsequent Drainage System
[U.P.U.D.A./ L.D.A. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) The Antecedent Drainage
- The Ganga river is an example of an earlier river system.
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2. The longest river in India is
(a) Brahmaputra
(b) Ganga
(c) Godavari
(d) Indus
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) Ganga
- The Ganges is the longest river in India, stretching 2525 km.
- It starts in the Western Himalayas of the Indian state of Uttarakhand.
- In 2017, the High Court of Uttarakhand stated that the Ganges River was a legal person.
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3. In Bangladesh, the River Ganges is known as –
(a) Meghana
(b) Padma
(c) Bhagirathi
(d) Mahaganga
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (b) Padma
- The Ganga is the longest river in India, stretching for 2415 kilometres.
- It originates from the Gangotri glacier, and is joined by two other rivers, Bhilangana and Alaknanda.
- It then flows northward to Rajmahal hills near the border of Jharkhand, and then enters Bangladesh, where it is known as the Padma.
- It then merges with the Brahmaputra river in Bangladesh before emptying into the Bay of Bengal and forming the largest delta, located between the Hugli and Meghna rivers.
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4. River Ganga, after entering Bangladesh is known by which of the following names ?
(a) Lohit
(b) Padma
(c) Kaliganga
(d) Nabaganga
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (b) Padma
- Once it gets to Bangladesh, the Ganges river is called the Padma.
- The Padma then merges with the Brahmaputra river (which is also known as Jamuna).
- Finally, it meets the Meghna river and together they are called the Meghna which empties out into the Bay of Bengal.
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5. ‘Moribund Delta’ is a subdivision of which of the following Delta?
(a) Krishna-Godavari Delta
(b) Mahanadi Delta
(c) Bengal Delta
(d) Cauvery Delta
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) Bengal Delta
- The Moribund Delta is a part of the Bengal Delta located in the south-western area of Bangladesh, south of the Ganges river.
- This region is full of silted tributaries and oxbow lakes, such as Jessore, Kushtia and Faridpur.
- The immature delta is south of the Moribund Delta and is made up of beaches and tidally influenced lands, including the Sundarbans.
- The mature delta is in the central area of the southern section of Bangladesh.
- The active delta is mainly located at the Meghna River estuary, where it enters the Bay of Bengal.
- This area is prone to regular flooding and the formation of “chars” and “offshore islands”.
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6. On entering Bangladesh, Ganga is called –
(a) Padma
(b) Meghna
(c) Hoogly
(d) Lohit
[Uttarakhand Lower (Sub) (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) Padma
- The Moribund Delta is in the south-western part of Bangladesh, below the Ganges river.
- It has a lot of blocked streams and oxbow lakes like Jessore, Kushtia, and Faridpur.
- The immature delta is further south and is mainly made of beaches and tidal zones.
- The Sundarbans are included in this region.
- The mature delta is in the middle of the south.
- The active delta is at the estuary of the Meghna river in the Bay of Bengal.
- This area has frequent flooding and the formation of “Chars” and “offshore islands.”
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7. India and Asia’s first Dolphin Research Centre – NDRC is being set up on the banks of the Ganga river at
(a) Haridwar
(b) Patna
(c) Varanasi
(d) Bhagalpur
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (b) Patna
- India and Asia’s first research center focusing on dolphins is being built near the Ganga river in Patna.
- The dolphins’ habitats are being threatened by the construction of dams and irrigation systems.
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8. Sunderban Delta is formed by the rivers –
(a) Ganga and Brahmaputra
(b) Ganga and Jhelum
(c) Sindhu and Jhelum
(d) Ganga and Sindhu
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (a) Ganga and Brahmaputra
- The Sunderban Delta is the largest delta in the world, created by the rivers Ganga, Brahmaputra and Meghna.
- Two thirds of the delta is in Bangladesh and the other third is in India.
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9. Assertion (A): The Ganga is a highly polluted river.
Reason (R): The holier the river, the more polluted it is.
Select the correct answer from the following code:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
- It is true that the Ganges is one of the most polluted rivers in the world, but not because of its holiness.
- A lot of contaminated water from cities is released into the Ganges, which is why it is so polluted.
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10. The depth of Gangetic alluvial soil below the land surface is about –
(a) 6000 meter
(b) 600 meter
(c) 800 meter
(d) 100 meter
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) 6000 meter
- Oldham believes the depth of the soil from the ground in the Ganges River area is around 4,000-6,000 meters, while Glany thinks it is about 2,000 meters.
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11. Examine the following statements and select the correct answer by using the codes given below:
1. Devprayag is located at the confluence of the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers.
2. Rudraprayag is located at the confluence of the Mandakini and Alaknanda rivers.
3. Alaknanda flows from Badrinath.
4. Kedarnath is considered as biggest seat established by Adi Shankaracharya.
Code :
(a) 1, 2, 3
(b) 2, 3, 4
(c) 1, 2, 4
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (a) 1, 2, 3
- The explanation of the above statements is as follows:
- Devprayag is where the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers meet, so statement (1) is true.
- Rudraprayag is located where the rivers Mandakini and Alaknanda come together. This means statement (2) is true.
- The Alaknanda River runs through Chamoli, Tehri and Pauri districts. Badrinath is located along the Alaknanda River in Chamoli district, so statement (3) is true.
- Adi Shankaracharya, not Kedarnath, made Badrinath a significant pilgrimage site. It is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva in India. Kedarnath, however, is known as the burial place of Adi Shankaracharya. Therefore, statement (4) is wrong.
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12. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by using codes given below:
| List-I (Place) |
List-II (Confluence of Rivers) |
| A. Rudraprayag |
1. Bhagirathi-Alaknanda |
| B. Nandprayag |
2. Mandakini -Alaknanda |
| C. Karnaprayag |
3. Alaknanda-Pindar |
| D. Devprayag |
4. Vishnu Ganga-Mandakini |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 3 2 4
(b) 2 4 3 1
(c) 3 2 4 1
(d) 4 1 3 2
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (*)
- The places Rudraprayag, Karnaprayag, and Devprayag in the list matched correctly with the rivers Mandakini – Alaknanda, Alaknanda – Pindar, and Bhagirathi – Alaknanda in the second list.
- Nandprayag was not matched with Vishnu Ganga – Mandakini.
- It was located where the Mandakini and Alaknanda rivers meet.
- The U.P.P.S.C. chose answer (b) as the correct one.
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13. Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers meet at
(a) Devprayag
(b) Karnaprayag
(c) Vishnuprayag
(d) Rudraprayag
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (a) Devprayag
- The Ganga is a very important river in India.
- It starts at the Gangotri glacier near Gaumukh in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand, where it is known as Bhagirathi.
- It flows through the Central and Lesser Himalayas and meets the Alaknanda river at Devprayag, where it is then called as Ganga.
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14. Which of the following is the place of confluence of the Alaknanda and the Bhagirathi?
(a) Vishnuprayag
(b) Karnaprayag
(c) Rudraprayag
(d) Devprayag
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) Devprayag
- The Ganga is a very important river in India.
- It starts in the Gangotri glacier near Gaumukh in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand, and it is called Bhagirathi at this point.
- It flows through the Central and Lesser Himalayas.
- Bhagirathi meets up with Alaknanda at Devprayag, hereafter it is known as Ganga.
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15. At which of the following towns the Alaknanda and the Bhagirathi combine to form River Ganga?
(a) Haridwar
(b) Rishikesh
(c) Rudraprayag
(d) Devprayag
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) Devprayag
- The Ganga river is very important to India.
- It starts at Gangotri glacier near Gaumukh in Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand, and is known then as Bhagirathi.
- It flows through the Central and Lesser Himalayas.
- At Devprayag, Bhagirathi joins Alaknanda and is now known as Ganga.
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16. With which drainage system or main river is Mandakini associated?
(a) Alaknanda
(b) Bhagirathi
(c) Yamuna
(d) Dhauli Ganga
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (a) Alaknanda
- The Mandakini river starts at Chorabari Tal and is fed by the Vasuki Ganga river at Sonprayag.
- It joins the Kaliganga near the Kalimath temple and the Madhyamaheshwar Ganga near Ukhimath.
- Finally, it meets the Alaknanda at Rudraprayag near Badrinath.
- The Alaknanda originates at the Satopanth Peak glacier and Satopanth Taal close to the Shivling Peak in Alkapuri.
- The famous Panch Prayag and Badri Vishal pilgrimage are located on the banks of the Alaknanda River.
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17. Name the river that flows between Kedarnath and Rudra Prayag?
(a) Bhagirathi
(b) Alaknanda
(c) Saryu
(d) Mandakini
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (d) Mandakini
- The Mandakini River runs between Kedarnath and Rudraprayag in Uttarakhand.
- It starts from Chorabari Tal near Kedarnath and is fed by Vasuki Ganga River at Sonprayag.
- The Mandakini River meets the Alaknanda River at Rudraprayag.
- Alaknanda flows onward to Devprayag, where it meets the Bhagirathi river to form the Ganges river.
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18. Along which of the following river’s banks, the famous temple of Badrinath is located?
(a) Alaknanda
(b) Bhagirathi
(c) Mandakini
(d) Ganga
[U.P.U.D.A./ L.D.A. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) Alaknanda
- The renowned Badrinath temple is located next to the Alaknanda river and the Kedarnath temple is found close to the Mandakini river in Uttarakhand.
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19. The longest flowing river in India is-
(a) Mahanadi
(b) Godavari
(c) Ganga
(d) Narmada
[40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (c) Ganga
- The length of flowing rivers of India (mentioned in the question) is given below:
- Ganga river – 2525 km
- Godavari river – 1465 km
- Narmada river – 1312 km
- Mahanadi river – 851 km
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20. The Bhagirathi river originates from –
(a) Gomukh
(b) Gangotri
(c) Tapovan
(d) Vishnu Prayag
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2006, Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (a) Gomukh
- Bhagirathi comes out of the Gomukh glacier which is located 18 kilometers away from Gangotri near the Shivling Peak.
- At Jhala, Siyan Gad joins Bhagirathi.
- The two rivers, Alaknanda and Bhagirathi flowing Devprayag onwards is known as Ganga.
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21. Identify the only tributary of the River Ganges which rises in the plains.
(a) Son
(b) Sharda or Saryu
(c) Gomti
(d) Ram Ganga
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Gomti
- The Gomti river starts from a lake called Gomat Taal, which used to be called Fulhar Lake, near Pilibhit district in Uttar Pradesh.
- It is the only stream flowing into the River Ganges that begins in the plains.
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22. Among the following tributaries, which one is the part of the Ganga river basin?
(a) Sankh
(b) North Koel
(c) South Koel
(d) Barakar
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
- North Koel is a river that flows from Jharkhand and joins the right bank of the Son River.
- The Son River is part of the Ganges River and is near Patna.
- The Southern Koel River passes through Jharkhand and Odisha and connects with the Northern Karo River to form the Koel River.
- This river then joins the Sankh River near Rourkela in Odisha to form the Brahmani River.
- The Barakar River is a tributary of the Damodar River and originates from the Koderma Plateau in Jharkhand.
- This river joins the Damodar River, which then flows into the Hooghly River in the lower Ganges basin.
- The Damodar River basin is a part of the Ganges River Basin, meaning that the Barakar and North Koel rivers are also part of it.
- Hence the correct answer to this question is option (e).
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23. Assertion (A): Yamuna becomes a dead river between Delhi and Agra most of the year.
Reason (B): Yamuna is a non-perennial river.
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
- The Yamuna River is usually not able to flow between Delhi and Agra due to pollution from homes and factories in these cities.
- This means that Statement (A) is true, but Statement (R) is false because the Yamuna River is always flowing, not just sometimes.
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24. Which one of the following rivers is not a tributary of Yamuna?
(a) Betwa
(b) Chambal
(c) Ken
(d) Ram Ganga
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010]
Ans. (d) Ram Ganga
- The Ramganga river begins in the Dudhatoli ranges in the Pauri Garhwal region of Uttarakhand.
- It flows into the Ganges, while the Chambal, Betwa, and Ken rivers flow into the Yamuna.
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25. The river Yamuna originates from –
(a) Chaukhamba
(b) Bandar Poonch
(c) Nanda Devi
(d) Neelkanth
[Uttrakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (b) Bandar Poonch
- The Yamuna river starts at the Yamunotri Glacier close to the Bandarpunch mountains.
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26. Consider the following tributaries of River Yamuna and arrange them from West to East :
1. Betwa
2. Ken
3. Sindh
4. Chambal
Select the correct answer from the codes given below.
Codes :
(a) 4, 3, 1 and 2
(b) 1, 2, 3 and 4
(c) 3, 2, 1 and 4
(d) 2, 3, 1 and 4
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (a) 4, 3, 1 and 2
- The Yamuna River has four rivers that flow from west to east:
- The Chambal River begins near Mhow in Madhya Pradesh and passes through Sawai Madhopur and Dholpur in Rajasthan before it reaches the Yamuna.
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27. Which of the following rivers does not fall into river Yamuna –
(a) Ken
(b) Betwa
(c) Son
(d) Chambal
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2008]
Ans. (c) Son
- The Son is one of the main rivers in Madhya Pradesh and it flows into the Ganges.
- The Chambal, Betwa, and Ken rivers are tributaries of the Yamuna.
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28. Which one of the following rivers does not join the river Chambal?
(a) Kshipra
(b) Kali Sindh
(c) Betwa
(d) Parvati
[M.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) Betwa
- The River Betwa starts in the Vindhya Range and flows into the Yamuna near the Hamirpur town in Uttar Pradesh.
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29. Betwa river originates from :
(a) Aravalli Hills
(b) Satpura Hills
(c) Vindhyan Hills
(d) Western Ghats
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre.) 2020]
Ans. (c) Vindhyan Hills
- The Betwa River starts from the Vindhya mountain range in Raisen district in Madhya Pradesh, which is 576 meters above sea level.
- It ultimately flows into the Yamuna River in Hamirpur district of Uttar Pradesh.
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30. Which valley of the following rivers is known to have deep Ravines?
(a) Narmada
(b) Son
(c) Chambal
(d) Tapti
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (c) Chambal
- The Chambal River Valley is known for its steep, deep ravines, which are also called Bihad or Badlands.
- These ravines are caused by erosion of the land around the river.
- The Chambal River is a tributary of the Yamuna River in central India and is part of the bigger Ganges drainage system.
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31. Betwa River joins the –
(a) Ganga
(b) Yamuna
(c) Brahamaputra
(d) Sone
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (b) Yamuna
- The Chambal River Valley is famous for its deep ravines, which are also known as Bihad or Badlands.
- These are areas of land that have been worn away by the river.
- The Chambal River is a part of the Yamuna River system in Central India, and part of the larger Gangetic drainage system.
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32. Indonesia does not share its land boundary with which one of the following countries?
(a) Brunei
(b) Timor – Leste
(c) Malaysia
(d) Papua New Guinea
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (a) Brunei
- Indonesia does not border Brunei.
- Indonesia has borders with Malaysia on the islands of Borneo and Sebatik, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea, and Timor Leste (East Timor) on the island of Timor.
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33. Which of the following tributaries of the Ganga system flows Northwards?
(a) Kosi
(b) Ghaghara
(c) Son
(d) Gandak
[Uttarakhand Lower Sub. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) Son
- The Son River starts in Madhya Pradesh near Amarkantak and flows northward, eventually joining the Ganga near Patna.
- There are other rivers on the Ganga’s left side that flow southward and feed into the Ganga.
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34. Which river among the following does not join the Ganga river from left?
(a) Gomati
(b) Ghaghara
(c) Kosi
(d) Son
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (d) Son
- The Son River begins in the Amarkantak area of Madhya Pradesh and is the primary river that flows to the east side of the Ganga.
- It travels north and meets with the Ganga in Patna.
- Rivers that flow to the left of the Ganga go south.
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35. Which range acts as a water divide between Yamuna and Son?
(a) Bhander
(b) Kaimur
(c) Maikal
(d) Mukundwadi
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Kaimur
- The Kaimur Range creates a divide between two important rivers in India, the Son in the south and the Tons (a river feeding into the Yamuna) in the north.
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36. Which one of the following rivers joins the Ganga at Fatuha?
(a) Son
(b) Punpun
(c) Sakri
(d) Balan
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (b) Punpun
- The Punpun river starts in the highland of Jharkhand and flows into the Aurangabad district of Bihar.
- It then reaches the Ganges near Fatuha in Patna district.
- Two rivers, Moher and Dargah, flow into the Punpun.
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37. Which of the following river does not fl ow through the state of Uttar Pradesh ?
(a) Son River
(b) Hindon River
(c) Gandak River
(d) Sharda River
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (c) Gandak River
- The Gandak River does not go through Uttar Pradesh.
- It enters Bihar from Nepal, then joins the Ganges at Sonpur Patna.
- The Son, Hindon, and Sharda rivers do flow through Uttar Pradesh.
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38. Which one of the following rivers is NOT the part of Indian Ganga river basin?
(a) Punpun river
(b) Ajoy river
(c) Jalangi river
(d) Jonk river
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (d) Jonk river
- The Jonk River is a branch of the Mahanadi River and runs through the states of Odisha and Chhattisgarh in India.
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