1. The main purpose of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was to
(a) To make the participation of Congress easier in round table conference
(b) To end the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(c) To break the death strike of Gandhiji
(d) To end the tax on salt.
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (a) To make the participation of Congress easier in round table conference
- Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India, signed a political agreement called the Gandhi-Irwin Pact on March 5th, 1931 before the Second Round Table Conference in London.
- This agreement included ending the Civil Disobedience Movement, the Indian National Congress taking part in the conference, the British Government no longer restricting INC’s activities, no more prosecutions for people taking part in the movement, and the release of prisoners who had been arrested.
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2. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included which of the following?
1. Invitation to Congress to participate in the Round Table Conference
2. Withdrawal of Ordinances promulgated in connection with the Civil Disobedience Movement
3. Acceptance of Gandhiji’s suggestion for inquiry into police excesses
4. Release of only those prisoners who were not charged with violence
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 1, 2, and 4 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 2, 3, and 4 only
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans (b) 1, 2, and 4 only
- Gandhiji agreed to stop the Civil Disobedience Movement and to attend the Second Round Table Conference in London, as well as end his boycott of British goods after the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed.
- In exchange, the Viceroy agreed to cancel the ordinances that had been put in place against the Civil Disobedience Movement and free all prisoners except those who were guilty of violence.
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3. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in :
(a) 1931
(b) 1935
(c) 1942
(d) 1919
[44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (a) 1931
- Gandhiji stopped the Civil Disobedience Movement after making a deal with the Viceroy (Gandhi-Irwin Pact).
- As part of the deal, he agreed to attend a conference in London and to stop boycotting British goods.
- The Viceroy also agreed to take back the laws that had been made to stop the Civil Disobedience Movement and to let go of prisoners who had not used violence.
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4. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact took place in :
(a) 1930
(b) 1931
(c) 1932
(d) 1933
[53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (b) 1931
- Gandhiji ended the Civil Disobedience Movement as part of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact and agreed to go to the Second Round Table Conference in London.
- He also agreed to stop refusing British products.
- In return, the Viceroy said they would take away the laws against the Civil Disobedience Movement and only keep prisoners who didn’t do anything violent in jail.
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5. The Second Round Table Conference in London was held in the backdrop of the :
(a) Emerson-Gandhi Pact
(b) Hailey-Gandhi Pact
(c) Irwin-Gandhi Pact
(d) Gandhi-Simon Pact
[46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) Irwin-Gandhi Pact
- Gandhiji agreed to end the Civil Disobedience Movement and attend the Second Round Table Conference in London, as well as to stop boycotting British goods.
- In exchange, the Viceroy promised to take back any laws that were made against the Civil Disobedience Movement and free any prisoners who had not done anything violent.
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6. Who among the following leaders did NOT participate in the Second Round Table Conference?
(a) M.K. Gandhi
(b) Sarojini Naidu
(c) Pt. Madan Mohan Malviya
(d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2020]
Ans (d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
- Gandhi and the Viceroy agreed in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact that Gandhi would stop the Civil Disobedience Movement and go to the second Round Table Conference in London, as well as stop boycotting British goods.
- In return, the Viceroy would take back the laws they made for the Civil Disobedience Movement and let go of anyone who was not accused of violence.
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7. Among the following whose adjournment was proposed in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
(a) Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) Khilafat Movement
(c) Round Table Conference
(d) Civil Disobedience Movement
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (d) Civil Disobedience Movement
- The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and the Viceroy of India.
- Gandhi agreed to end the Civil Disobedience Movement and attend the second Round Table Conference in London, as well as stop boycotting British goods.
- In exchange, the Viceroy promised to cancel the ordinances against the Civil Disobedience Movement and to only keep those prisoners who had been involved in violent acts.
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8. Who played an important role in the signing of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
(a) Motilal Nehru
(b) Madan Mohan Malviya
(c) Tej Bahadur Sapru
(d) Chintamani
[47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (c) Tej Bahadur Sapru
- Lord Irwin, the Viceroy, released Mahatma Gandhi on January 26, 1931 after witnessing the Civil Disobedience Movement grow.
- Tej Bahadur Sapru and M.R. Jaykar worked together to initiate a conversation between Gandhi and Irwin in the middle of February, 1931.
- This led to the creation of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact on March 5, 1931, which Sarojini Naidu referred to as ‘The Two Mahatmas.’
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9. Who of the following persons called Irwin and Gandhi ‘The Two Mahatmas’?
(a) Mira Bahan
(b) Sarojini Naidu
(c) Madan Mohan Malviya
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru
[.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (b) Sarojini Naidu
- Mahatma Gandhi was released from prison on January 26, 1931, after the Civil Disobedience Movement had grown.
- Tej Bahadur Sapru and M.R. Jaykar made attempts to start a conversation between Gandhi and Lord Irwin, which eventually resulted in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact on March 5, 1931.
- Sarojini Naidu gave them the title ‘The Two Mahatmas’ in reference to the pact.
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10. Who played the role of mediator in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?
(a) Motilal Nehru
(b) Tej Bahadur Sapru
(c) Annie Besant
(d) Chintamani
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (b) Tej Bahadur Sapru
- Tej Bahadur Sapru and M.R. Jaykar acted as go-betweens for the Gandhi-Irwin Pact.
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11. Who among the following took Mahatma Gandhi’s gain in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact as “Consolation Prizes”?
(a) S.C. Bose
(b) Alan Campbell Johnson
(c) B.G. Horniman
(d) Sarojini Naidu
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (b) Alan Campbell Johnson
- Alan Campbell Johnson, Irwin’s biographer, called Mahatma Gandhi’s success in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact “Consolation Prizes” and the only thing that Irwin had to give in exchange for talks.
- The UPPSC first thought option (a) was the right answer, but they changed it to option (b) in their revised answer key.
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