1. Which of the following is correct?
(a) The Nehru Report (1928) advocated the inclusion of Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India.
(b) The Government of India Act, of 1935 referred to Fundamental Rights.
(c) The August Offer, 1940, included the Fundamental Rights.
(d) The Cripps Mission 1942 referred to Fundamental Rights.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (a) The Nehru Report (1928) advocated the inclusion of Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India.
- The Nehru Report from 1928 wanted Fundamental Rights to be added to the Constitution of India, so choice (a) is the right answer.
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2. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) Rights are claims of the State against the citizens
(b) Rights are privileges that are incorporated in the Constitution of a state.
(c) Rights are claims of the citizens against the State.
(d) Rights are privileges of a few citizens against the many
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) Rights are claims of the citizens against the State.
- Rights are very important for people to be able to reach their full potential.
- The importance of rights has grown a lot and now we talk about things like ‘fundamental rights’ and ‘human rights’.
- Rights make sure that the government doesn’t have too much power.
- They are a way for people to protect themselves from the government.
- In other words, rights are things that citizens are allowed to demand from the government.
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3. Which of the following is given the power to enforce the Fundamental Rights by the Constitution?
(a) All Courts in India
(b) The Parliament
(c) The President
(d) The Supreme Court and High Courts
[47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (d) The Supreme Court and High Courts
- The Constitution gives the Supreme Court and High Courts the power to decide if laws passed by the Legislature break any of the Fundamental Rights.
- If so, the Supreme Court (Article 32) and High Courts (Article 226) can decide to make the law void.
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4. ‘Fundamental Rights’ are:
(a) Justiciable
(b) Non-justiciable
(c) Flexible
(d) Rigid
M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013
Ans. (a) Justiciable
- Courts can enforce fundamental rights, but there are some limits.
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5. Who among the following people said for the Fundamental Rights “a pledge to our people and a pact with the civilized world”?
(a) Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
(b) Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar
(c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(d) Dr. S. Radha Krishnan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (d) Dr. S. Radha Krishnan
- Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, referred to as our “philosopher king”, said that Fundamental Rights are a promise to our people and an agreement with the rest of the world.
- According to Patanjali Sastry, a former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the goal of Part III of the Constitution is to protect the freedoms and rights listed from any unjust interference by the state.
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6. The rights are called Fundamental Rights because
i. It is written in the Constitution.
ii. It is democratic.
iii. It is public welfare.
iv. It is essential for personality development.
v. Parliament can’t make a law against it.
(a) i ii iii
(b) i iii v
(c) i iv v
(d) ii iii v
(e) None of the Above
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) i iv v
- The Constitution includes Fundamental Rights, which are important for people to develop as individuals.
- Parliament cannot pass laws that go against these rights, as they are part of the foundation of the Constitution.
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7. Fundamental Rights –
(a) Cannot be suspended
(b) Can be suspended by order of Prime Minister
(c) Can be suspended at the will of the President
(d) Can be suspended during Emergency
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (d) Can be suspended during Emergency
- Basic rights are natural and cannot be taken away.
- They can only be temporarily stopped during an emergency, which is stated in Articles 358 and 359 of the Constitution.
- Rights in Articles 20 and 21 can never be suspended.
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8. What is meant by ‘Rule of Law’?
(a) One act for all and one judiciary for all
(b) One act for all and one State for all
(c) One State for all and one judiciary for all
(d) All acts for one and one judiciary for all
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (a) One act for all and one judiciary for all
- The ‘Rule of Law’ means that laws have been made, they are enforced, and the people in charge must follow them too.
- This means that nobody, not even those in high positions, is above the law.
- This also means that the government has to follow the same laws that everyone else does.
- Related to this is the idea of equality before the law, which means that everyone has the same rights and will be punished the same way if they break the law.
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9. Which of the following are regarded as the main features of the “Rule of Law”?
1. Limitation of powers
2. Equality before law
3. People’s responsibility to the government
4. Liberty and civil rights
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 1 2, and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre.) 2018]
Ans. (c) 1 2, and 4 only
- A.V. Dicey was a British Jurist who believed in the rule of law.
- This rule had three parts: no one should be punished unless they break the law, everyone should be treated equally under the law, and everyone should have the same rights and liberties.
- This means that the Constitution is made up of the rights of individuals, defined and enforced by the courts.
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10. The President of India has the power to suspend the
(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Fundamental Rights described in Article 21
(c) Fundamental Rights described in Article 21-A
(d) Fundamental Rights described in Article 19
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c,d) Fundamental Rights described in Article 21-A, Fundamental Rights described in Article 19
- When an emergency is declared due to war or external aggression, the rights outlined in Article 19 are automatically suspended.
- The President has the ability to suspend the right to go to court for the enforcement of other Fundamental Rights, including Article 21(A), under Article 359.
- It’s important to know that the basic rights from Articles 20 and 21 can’t ever be taken away.
- Article 19 isn’t taken away just because of an Emergency caused by an armed rebellion, but the President can suspend it according to Article 359.
- This means that both answers C and D are correct for this question.
- Note: The Public Service Commission noticed this and decided not to evaluate this question.
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11. Under which Article of the Constitution of India, Fundamental Rights have been provided to citizens?
(a) Articles 112 to 115
(b) Articles 12 to 35
(c) Articles 222 to 235
(d) None of these
[44thB.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (b) Articles 12 to 35
- Part III of the Constitution lists 6 rights that are given to citizens.
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12. Under which of the following articles, does the Indian Constitution Guarantees Fundamental Rights to the citizens?
(a) Articles 12 to 35
(b) Articles 12 to 30 only
(c) Articles 15 to 35 only
(d) Articles 14 to 32 only
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (a) Articles 12 to 35
- Part III of the Constitution lists 6 Basic Rights that are given to citizens.
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13. The description of fundamental rights for the Indian citizens is in –
(a) Articles 12 to 35 of the Constitution
(b) Articles 13 to 36 of the Constitution
(c) Articles 15 to 39 of the Constitution
(d) Articles 16 to 40 of the Constitution
[39thB.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) Articles 12 to 35 of the Constitution
- In India, basic human rights such as dignity, freedom, and well-being are protected for all citizens by the Constitution.
- These rights are found in Part III (Articles 12 to 35) of the Constitution.
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14. Consider the following statements about the Fundamental Rights in India:
1. They are a guarantee against state action
2 They are enumerated in Part III of the Constitution
3. They ensure social, economic, and political justice.
4. They are unlike the Bill of Rights in the U.S.A.
Now, select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code :
(a) 1 and 2 are correct
(b) 2 and 3 are correct
(c) 1, 2, and 3 are correct
(d) 2, 3, and 4 are correct
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (c) 1, 2, and 3 are correct
- The Constitution of India protects our fundamental rights from the government.
- These rights are listed in Part III of the Constitution. Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true.
- The Indian Constitution also has rules to make sure social and economic justice, which are mostly in Part IV, and partly in the section on fundamental rights and some other parts.
- These rights are similar to the Bill of Rights in the United States, so the correct answer is Option (c).
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15. Which one of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution puts an absolute limitation on the legislative power:
(a) Article 14
(b) Article 15
(c) Article 16
(d) Article 17
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (a) Article 14
- Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality before the law to everyone, regardless of their religion, race, caste, gender, or place of birth.
- This article puts a limit on the laws that the government is allowed to make.
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16. In which article of the constitution ‘Equal Protection of Law’ is provided?
(a) Article 12
(b) Article 13
(c) Article 14
(d) Article 15
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) Article 14
- Article 14 of the Indian Constitution states that everyone, regardless of if they are a citizen or foreigner, will be treated equally by the law.
- This is based on the concept of Equal Protection of the Law from the American Constitution, which means that everyone will be given the same privileges and responsibilities, no matter their situation.
- Everyone should be treated the same without any discrimination.
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17. A legislation which confers on the executive or administrative authority an unguided and uncontrolled discretionary power in the matter of application of law violates which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India?
(a) Article 14
(b) Article 28
(c) Article 32
(d) Article 44
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (a) Article 14
- The court oversees how discretionary powers are given to the administration by judging if the law that allows these powers follows the rights from Part III of the Indian Constitution.
- If the law has vague and wide power, it can be said to go against Article 14, Article 19, and other provisions of the Constitution.
- Article 14 ensures that everyone is treated equally, but the court allows reasonable classifications.
- Even if the law is valid, discriminatory actions can still break the equality clause.
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18. The Right to Equality is given by
(1) Article 13
(2) Article 14
(3) Article 15
(4) Article 16
Use the code given below to choose the correct answer-
Code :
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1,2 and 3
(c) 2,3 and 4
(d) All above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (c) 2,3 and 4
- Part III of the Indian Constitution has the right to equality written into it.
- Article 14 is about the right to equality, Article 15 is about not discriminating based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth,
- Article 16 is about having equal opportunities for jobs, Article 17 is about getting rid of untouchability and Article 18 is about getting rid of titles.
- This means that Articles 14, 15, and 16 provide the right to equality.
- So option (c) is the correct answer.
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19. Under which article of the Constitution reservations in admission to educational institutions, including private and unaided, to OBCs/ST/SC is made?
(a) Article 15(4)
(b) Article 15(5)
(c) Article 16(4)
(d) Article 16(5)
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (b) Article 15(5)
- Article 15 states that no one can be discriminated against based on their religion, race, caste, sex or where they were born.
- Clause 5 of this Article allows the government to make special provisions for people from Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes in educational institutions, even if those institutions are private.
- The 93rd Amendment Act of 2005 allowed for a 27% reservation for other backward classes in both public and private educational institutions.
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20. Supreme Court’s judgment of Indra Sawhney Vs Union of India Case is related to which issue?
(a) Regarding the issue of OBC reservation in Government employment
(b) Basic Structure Theory
(c) Approve the reservation on promotion of SC
(d) Extended reservation for ST
(e) None of the above / More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) (Re-Exam), 2020]
Ans. (a) Regarding the issue of OBC reservation in Government employment
- The Supreme Court ruled that the amount of reservation given under Article 15 (4) and 16 (4) should not be more than 50%.
- This ruling has been accepted by the States and Union, and it is now a Constitutional Prohibition.
- Any reservation above 50% could be taken away.
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21. Assertion (A): The State can treat unequal differently with the objective of creating a level playing field in the social, economic, and political spheres.
Reason (R): Among equals the law should be equal and equally administered.
In the context of the above statements select the correct answer.
(a) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(b) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
(c) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- The law doesn’t have to treat everyone the same, as long as it’s fair in its treatment of different groups.
- But for people in the same group, the law should be the same and applied equally.
- Both statements (A) and (R) are true, and (R) explains (A).
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22. Which Article of the Constitution gives precedence to Constitutional provisions over the laws made by the Union Parliament/State Legislatures?
(a) 13
(b) 32
(c) 245
(d) 326
[45thB.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001
Ans. (a) 13
- Article 13 of the Indian Constitution states that any laws made before or after the Constitution which go against the Fundamental Rights listed in Part III will no longer be valid.
- Article 245 talks about the laws that can be made by the Parliament and the State Legislatures.
- Article 326 states that elections for the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies must be based on everyone over 18 having the right to vote.
- Article 32 gives people the right to appeal to the Constitution if needed.
- Option (a) is the correct answer.
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23. The main object of Article 13 of the Indian Constitution is to secure the Paramountcy of the Constitution regarding :
(a) Directive Principles of State Policy
(b) Fundamental Rights
(c) Fundamental Duties
(d) All of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (b) Fundamental Rights
- The Indian Constitution’s Article 13 states that any laws that existed before the Constitution was made, or that were made afterwards, that go against the rights listed in Part 3 of the Constitution will be invalid.
- Article 245 talks about how far laws made by Parliament and State Legislatures can reach.
- Article 326 says that elections for India’s Parliament and State Assemblies must be based on voting by adults, and Article 32 is for Constitutional remedies.
- Option (a) is the correct answer.
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24. Which one of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution belongs to a different category:
(a) Art. 14
(b) Art. 15
(c) Art. 16
(d) Art. 19
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (d) Art. 19
- Article 19 in the Articles is different from the rest, as it is part of the Right to Freedom.
- It covers certain rights such as freedom of speech and expression, the right to assemble peacefully, the right to form unions, the right to move around India, the right to live anywhere in India, and the right to practice any profession or business.
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25. In the Indian Constitution the ‘Right to Freedom’ is granted by four Articles which are –
(a) Article – 19 to Article – 22
(b) Article – 16 to Article – 19
(c) Article – 17 to Article – 20
(d) Article – 18 to Article – 21
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (a) Article – 19 to Article – 22
- The Indian Constitution (Arts. 19-22) guarantees the right to freedom, including the right to freedom of speech, the right to peacefully assemble and join associations or unions, the right to move around freely, settle and reside anywhere, the right to protection in case of conviction for offenses, the right to life and personal liberty, and the right to protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
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26. Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion etc. (Article 15 of the Constitution of India) is a Fundamental Right classifiable under:
(a) The Right to Freedom of Religion
(b) The Right against Exploitation
(c) The Cultural and Educational Rights
(d) The Right to Equality
]I.A.S. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (d) The Right to Equality
- Article 15 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to equality and forbids any kind of discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
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27. In the Indian Constitution, the right to equality is granted by five Articles, They are:
(a) Article 16 to Article 20
(b) Article 15 to Article 19
(c) Article 14 to Article 18
(d) Article 13 to Article 17
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015, I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (c) Article 14 to Article 18
- Article 15 of the Indian Constitution states that it is illegal to discriminate against someone based on their religion, race, caste, sex, or where they were born.
- This is part of the Right to Equality (Art. 14-18).
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28. Which one of the following is not included in the fundamental right to equality as enshrined in the Indian Constitution?
(a) Equality before law
(b) Social equality
(c) Equal opportunity
(d) Economic equality
[U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (d) Economic equality
- People do not have a Fundamental Right to be economically equal.
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29. Article 24 of the Constitution of India prohibits the employment of children in factories related to hazardous works. Such prohibition is
(a) Absolute prohibition
(b) Partial prohibition
(c) Reasonable prohibition
(d) Moral prohibition
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (a) Absolute prohibition
- Article 24 states that it is strictly forbidden for children under the age of fourteen to work in factories, mines, or any other dangerous job.
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30. Which provision of fundamental rights is directly related to the exploitation of children?
(a) Art. 17
(b) Art. 19
(c) Art. 23
(d) Art. 24
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2009, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2018, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2011, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2012, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (d) Art. 24
- Article 24 of the Constitution deals with the protection of children from exploitation.
- It does not allow children under the age of 14 to work in factories, mines, or any other dangerous job.
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31. Child Rights are protected in Article_______of ICCPR.
(a) 35
(b) 24
(c) 21
(d) 23
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) 24
- The International Convention on Civil and Political Rights has a rule (Article 24) that protects the rights of children.
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32. Eradication of all types of social discrimination comes under which generation of Human Rights?
(a) First generation
(b) Second generation
(c) Third generation
(d) Fourth generation
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Second generation
- Getting rid of any type of social prejudice is part of the second generation of Human Rights.
- The first generation of Human Rights focuses on freedom and being able to take part in political life.
- These rights are mainly civil and political.
- The third generation of Human Rights is about community and group rights.
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33. Under what provision of the Constitution, untouchability has been abolished?
(a) Art. 14
(b) Art. 21
(c) Art. 17
(d) Art. 19
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2003, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013, U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) Art. 17
- Article 17 of the law says that it is not allowed to treat someone differently because of their social status, and if someone does it, they will be punished by the law.
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34. Article 17 of the Indian Constitution deals with
(a) Education
(b) Health
(c) Abolition of untouchability
(d) Food guarantee
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Abolition of untouchability
- Article 17 of the Constitution says that no one can be treated as an untouchable, and it is illegal to do so.
- It is also illegal to punish someone for being an untouchable.
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35. A court can presume that any act constituting offense was committed on the ground of ‘untouchability’–if such offence is committed in relation to
(a) A member of Scheduled Castes
(b) A member of Scheduled Tribes
(c) A member of any community
(d) None of the above.
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) A member of Scheduled Castes
- According to the Civil Rights Protection Act, of 1955, the court can assume that any crime committed against a member of a Scheduled Caste is based on untouchability.
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36. Prohibition and abolishment of untouchability may be achieved by –
1. Making laws
2. Improving Education
3. Public Awareness
4. Providing Jobs/Services
Code :
(a) 1, 2, and 3
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1 and 2
(d) 2 and 4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992]
Ans. (a) 1, 2, and 3
- Improving education, passing laws, and raising awareness are all good ways to get rid of untouchability, but giving people jobs or services is not the right way to do it.
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37. Following are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion (A) and other as Reason (R) :
Assertion (A): Untouchability is the worst form of structural violence.
Reason (R): Untouchability has been practiced in the name of religious sanctions.
Consider the above statements and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Codes :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.
[U.P. B.E.O. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- Structural violence is different from personal violence in that it’s caused by the unequal sharing of power and resources, rather than by a person or group.
- Examples of this kind of violence include racism and untouchability, which is a particularly awful part of the caste system that is endorsed by religion.
- Both of these statements are true and the second explains the first.
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38. Which one of the following fundamental rights was amended as a result of the decision of the Supreme Court of India in ‘The State of Madras Vs. Champakam Dorairajan’ case:
(a) Right to equality before the law
(b) Right against discrimination
(c) Right against untouchability
(d) Right to freedom of speech and expression
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b)
- After the Supreme Court’s decision in the case of State of Madras Vs. Champakam Dorairajan, the law against discrimination was changed.
- The first Constitution Amendment (1951) added clause 4 to Article 15 to make special rules to help people who are socially and educationally disadvantaged.
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39. Which Article of the Constitution of India is related to Freedom of the Press?
(a) Article 19
(b) Article 20
(c) Article 21
(d) Article 22
[47th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2005, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004, Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (a) Article 19
- The Constitution of India does not explicitly state the freedom of the Press, but the Supreme Court has ruled that the right to freedom of speech and expression (Article 19) includes the right to freedom of the Press.
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40. Under which Article Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes have been granted fundamental, socioeconomic, political, and cultural rights?
(a) Article 20
(b) Article 19
(c) Article 18
(d) Article 17
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (d) Article 17
- The Constitution has a rule that says no one can be treated as an “untouchable”.
- This is to stop people from treating other people unfairly and make sure everyone has the same rights.
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41. Which one of the following categories of Fundamental Rights incorporates protection against untouchability as a form of discrimination?
(a) Right against Exploitation
(b) Right to Freedom
(c) Right to Constitutional Remedies
(d) Right to Equality
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (d) Right to Equality
- The Constitution states that it is illegal to practice “Untouchability” in any form and anyone who does so will be punished by law.
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42. The Indian Constitution does not give the right to freedom of the Press, but it is included in
(a) Article 19(1)(a)
(b) Article 19(1)(b)
(c) Article 19(1)(c)
(d) Article 19(1)(d)
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (a) Article 19(1)(a)
- The Indian Constitution does not explicitly mention the right to freedom of the press, but it is included in the right to freedom of speech and expression in Article 19(1)(a).
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43. In which Article the Fundamental Rights to Freedom of Speech and Expression is provided in the Constitution of India?
(a) Article 14
(b) Article 19
(c) Article 21
(d) Article 22
[Uttarakhand U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (b) Article 19
- The Indian Constitution does not specifically mention the freedom of the press, but it is included in Article 19(1)(a), which ensures the right to freedom of speech and expression.
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44. Freedom of News Papers in India-
(a) Specially provided by Article 19(1)(a)
(b) Is secured under Article 19(1)(b)
(c) Secured by Article 361-A
(d) Has origin by the enforcement of the Rule of law
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) Specially provided by Article 19(1)(a)
- The Constitution doesn’t mention freedom of the press directly, but it is included in the right to freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a).
- The Supreme Court in the Sakal Papers Ltd. Vs.
- Union of India case in 1961 stated that freedom of the press is part of freedom of speech and expression.
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45. As a part of the Right to Freedom, one of the following does not form part of “Freedom to Assemble Peaceably and Without Arms”?
(a) Gherao officials not performing their duties
(b) Peaceful assembly
(c) People who assemble should not bear arms
(d) The state can make a law imposing reasonable restrictions on the exercise of this Right
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (a) Gherao officials not performing their duties
- Article 19(1)(b) gives people the right to peacefully come together without weapons, but the government can put in place sensible restrictions if it is in the public’s best interest.
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46. By which of the following grounds, a citizen’s freedom of expression may not be subjected to restriction?
(a) Sovereignty of India
(b) Public order
(c) Contempt of Court
(d) Unbecoming criticism
(e) All of the above
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) Unbecoming criticism
- The right to speak and express yourself can be limited if it affects India’s sovereignty or security, its relationships with other countries, public order, decency, morality, court proceedings, defamation, or encourages a crime.
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47. Which Article of the Constitution of the Indian Republic relates to the Protection of ‘Life and Personal Liberty’?
(a) Article 19
(b) Article 21
(c) Article 20
(d) Article 22
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Article 21
- Article 21 of the Indian Constitution protects life and personal liberty.
- Article 19 allows freedom of speech and expression.
- Article 22 prevents people from being arrested and detained without reason, and Article 20 protects people who have been convicted of a crime.
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48. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Article 22.1 – Right to be defended by a legal practitioner of her or his choice.
(b) Article 22.4 – No law providing for preventive detention shall authorize the detention for a period longer than three months.
(c) Article 22.2 – Parliament may by law prescribe the circumstances under which a person may be detained for a period longer than three months.
(d) Article 22.1 – No person who is arrested shall be in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the ground for such arrest.
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (c) Article 22.2 – Parliament may by law prescribe the circumstances under which a person may be detained for a period longer than three months.
- According to Article 22.2, anyone who is arrested and held in custody must be taken to a magistrate within 24 hours, not including the time needed to travel from the place of arrest to the court.
|
49. In the context of polity, which one of the following would you accept as the most appropriate definition of liberty?
(a) Protection against the tyranny of political rulers
(b) Absence of restraint
(c) Opportunity to do whatever one likes
(d) Opportunity to develop oneself fully
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (d) Opportunity to develop oneself fully
- The idea of liberty means that people can do whatever they want without restrictions, while also allowing them to develop their personalities.
- The liberty given to us in our constitution allows us to protect the rights of minorities and prevents discrimination on the basis of religion, race, gender, and birthplace.
- Option (d) is the best choice, as it provides a positive outlook on liberty.
|
50. Which Article of the Indian Constitution protects a person’s right to travel abroad:
(a) 14
(b) 19
(c) 21
(d) None of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (c) 21
- The Supreme Court said that everyone has the right to travel outside of India, which is protected by Article 21 of the Constitution.
- This was ruled in the Menaka Gandhi Vs. UOI case in 1978.
|
51. Which one of the following rights is available under Article 19(1)(d) read with Article 21 :
(a) Right to travel abroad
(b) Right to Shelter
(c) Right to privacy
(d) Right to information
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2004, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (*)
- The Supreme Court has ruled that the right to privacy is included in Article 21, which means the right to be left alone.
- If surveillance is intrusive and affects someone’s freedom of movement, it could be an infringement of Article 19 (1) (d) and Article 21.
|
52. Which one of the following does not fall within the purview of Article 21 of the Constitution?
(a) Medical aid to injure by a doctor
(b) Sexual Harassment of Women at Work Workplace.
(c) Pollution of the quality of water.
(d) Capital punishment
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (d) Capital punishment
- Article 21 of the Indian Constitution states that no one can be deprived of their life or personal liberty without following the laws set in place.
- The Supreme Court of India has given wider scope to this right.
- In the Bachan Singh Vs. State of Punjab case it was clarified that capital punishment, as stated in section 302 of the Indian Penal Code, does not go against Article 21.
- Other rights, such as medical aid, protection from sexual harassment, and clean air, have been declared by the Supreme Court in different decisions.
|
53. Which of the following are envisaged by the Right against Exploitation in the Constitution of India?
1. Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor
2. Abolition of untouchability
3. Protection of the interests of minorities
4. Prohibition of employment of children in factories and mines
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1, 2, and 4 only
(b) 2, 3, and 4 only
(c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 1,2,3 and 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (c) 1 and 4 only
- Articles 23 and 24 give us the right to be protected from exploitation.
- This means that human trafficking and forcing people to beg is not allowed, and it is illegal to employ children under the age of 14 in dangerous jobs such as factories and mines.
|
54. The provision of ‘Right to Freedom of Religion’ includes-
(I) Freedom of propagation of religion
(II) Right to wear and carry ‘Kripans’ by Sikhs
(III) State’s right to make laws for social reforms
(IV) Right to the conversion of the religion of people by religious bodies
Choose the correct answer from the given codes:
Code :
(a) I, II, and III
(b) II, III and IV
(c) III and IV
(d) All of the above
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (a) I, II, and III
- The Constitution gives people the right to follow any religion they want and to spread it and also allows the government to make laws for social change.
- Sikhs are allowed to wear and carry religious knives, which is part of their freedom of religion.
- However, this Article does not permit religious groups to change religions.
|
55. According to Article 25 of the Constitution ‘Right to Freedom of Religion’ is not subjected to –
(a) Public Order
(b) Health
(c) Morality
(d) Humanism
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) Humanism
- The Indian Constitution states that everyone should be allowed to practice and spread their religion freely.
- However, these rights are limited if they affect public order, morality, and health.
- Humanism is not counted as a restriction.
|
56. What are the restrictions on the freedom to manage religious affairs in Article 26 of the Constitution?
(i) Public Order
(ii) National Security
(iii) Education
(iv) Morality
(v) Health
(vi) Secularism
Code:
(a) (i) (ii) (iii)
(b) (ii) (iii) (v)
(c) (ii) (iv) (vi)
(d) (i) (iv) (v)
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (d) (i) (iv) (v)
- Religious denominations and their individual parts have the right to set up and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes, manage their own religious affairs, own and buy property, and manage that property according to the law.
- These rights are subject to public order, morality, and health, but not any other laws about fundamental rights.
|
57. Under which Article of the Indian Constitution wearing of ‘Kirpans’ by Sikhs is deemed as a right to freedom of religion?
(a) Article 24
(b) Article 25
(c) Article 26
(d) Article 27
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (b) Article 25
- Sikhs are allowed to wear and carry their ‘Kirpans’ according to Article 25 of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees freedom of religion. This is seen as part of the Sikh faith.
|
58. Article 25 of the Indian Constitution refers to –
(a) Right to Equality
(b) Right to Property
(c) Freedom of Religion
(d) Protection of Minorities
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (c) Freedom of Religion
- Sikhs are allowed to wear and carry a ‘Kirpan’ as part of their religion, according to Explanation I in Article 25 of the Indian Constitution which guarantees freedom of religion.
|
59. Which one of the following is not correctly matched?
(a) Article 23 – Prohibition of traffic in human and forced labor
(b) Article 24 – Prohibition of employment of children in factories
(c) Article 26 – Freedom to manage religious affairs
(d) Article 29 – Freedom of Establishment and administration of educational institutions by minorities
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2009]
Ans. (d) Article 29 – Freedom of Establishment and administration of educational institutions by minorities
- Article 30 gives minorities the right to create and manage their own schools, while Article 29 is designed to protect the interests of minorities.
- The other options are correct.
|
60. Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
(a) Prohibition of traffic in humans – Article 23 beings and forced labor
(b) Protection of interests of minorities – Article 29
(c) Right to constitutional remedies – Article 32
(d) Right of minorities to establish – Article 31 and administer educational institutions
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (d) Right of minorities to establish – Article 31 and administer educational institutions
- Minorities have the ability to create and control schools, according to Article 30.
- Article 31 gave the government the power to take away property, but this was taken away by the 44th Amendment Act in 1978.
- Now, the right to property is a legal right under Article 300-A in the Constitution.
|
61. Under which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution, it has been provided that all minorities shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice?
(a) Art. 28
(b) Art. 29
(c) Art. 30
(d) Art. 31
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (c) Art. 30
- Minorities have the right to make and run schools, which is stated in Article 30.
- Article 31 used to say that property could be taken away, but this was changed by the 44th Amendment Act in 1978.
- Now, the right to have property is a legal right under Article 300-A in the Constitution.
|
62. Which Article of the Constitution protects the ‘Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice’?
(a) 19
(b) 26
(c) 29
(d) 30
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (d) 30
- Article 19- Right to Freedom
Article 26- Freedom to manage religious affairs
Article 29 – Protection of interest of minority community.
Article 30 – Right of minorities to establish and administer
educational institutions.
|
63. Given below are two statements, one is labeled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).
Assertion (A): Article 30 of the Constitution of India does not define the term’ minorities.
Reason (R): The Constitution recognizes only linguistic and religious minorities.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Codes :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
- The Indian Constitution gives minorities the right to create and manage their own educational institutions.
- This applies to all minorities, regardless of religion or language.
- The state cannot discriminate against any educational institution because it being managed by a minority.
- This article does not define ‘minority’, so both statements are true but the explanation given is not.
|
64. Consider the following statements –
1. Article 301 is related to the Right to Property.
2. Right to Property is a legal right but not a Fundamental Right.
3. Article 300-A was inserted in the Indian Constitution by the 44th Amendment during the period of the Congress Government.
Which of the aforesaid statements is/are correct?
(a) Only 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1,2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (a) Only 2
- Article 301 is about freedom to do business and travel, not the right to own property.
- Before the 44th Amendment in 1978, Article 19(1)(f) said that having property was a fundamental right, but it was removed and replaced with Article 300-A which states that a person can only be deprived of their property if the law allows it.
- This change was made during the Janta Party Government.
- After the Amendment, having property was no longer a fundamental right, so only statement 2 is correct.
|
65. Which of the following rights can be enforced under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution?
(a) Constitutional Rights
(b) Fundamental Rights
(c) Statutory Rights
(d) All of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) Fundamental Rights
- The Constitution has a section that gives people the right to defend their fundamental rights if they are violated.
- The Supreme Court has the power to make orders or direct people to do things (like Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, etc.) to make sure people’s fundamental rights are protected.
- That’s why the Supreme Court is known as the Guardian of Fundamental Rights.
|
66. The Guardian of Fundamental Rights is
(a) Judiciary
(b) Executive
(c) Parliament
(d) None of these
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (a) Judiciary
- The Constitution of India gives the Supreme Court of India and the High Courts the job of protecting people’s fundamental rights.
- The most important fundamental right is the right to use the constitutional remedies in Articles 32 and 226 of the Constitution.
- The Judiciary, then, is the protector of these fundamental rights.
|
67. Which one of the following statements is not correct?
(a) K.M. Munshi was one of the members of the drafting committee of the Constitution.
(b) The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly.
(c) The Panchayati Raj was recommended by Balwant Rai Mehta Committee Report-1957.
(d) The President of India is the Guardian of Fundamental Rights under the Constitution.
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (d) The President of India is the Guardian of Fundamental Rights under the Constitution.
- Out of all the statements given, (d) is incorrect because it is the Judiciary (Supreme Court and High Courts) that is responsible for protecting fundamental rights, not the President.
|
68. Under the Indian Constitution who is the guardian of the fundamental rights?
(a) Parliament
(b) President
(c) Supreme Court
(d) Cabinet
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1992, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) Supreme Court
- All the statements are true except (d).
- The President is not the protector of basic rights, the Supreme Court and High Courts are.
|
69. Under the Indian Constitution who amongst the following is considered to be the guardian of the fundamental rights?
(a) Parliament
(b) President
(c) Judiciary
(d) Prime Minister
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2012, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (c) Judiciary
- The Supreme Court is a very important body that looks after the rights of citizens by making sure their fundamental rights are protected.
|
70. Which one of the following is regarded as the protector of fundamental rights of citizens and Guardian of the Constitution of India?
(a) The Parliament
(b) The Attorney General
(c) The Supreme Court
(d) The President
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) The Supreme Court
- The Supreme Court of India looks after the basic rights of citizens and ensures that the Constitution of India is followed.
- It does this by guaranteeing people the right to challenge any violation of their fundamental rights.
- It also explains and makes sure that the rules of the Constitution are followed.
|
71. Which one of the following rights was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the ‘Heart and Soul of the Constitution’?
(a) Right to Freedom of Religion
(b) Right to Property
(c) Right to Equality
(d) Right to Constitutional Remedies
[U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Spl) (Mains) 2004, I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (d) Right to Constitutional Remedies
- Dr. Ambedkar said that Article 32 was the most important part of the Indian Constitution and that it was the heart and soul of it.
- He said no other article was as important as this one and that it was the foundation of the Constitution.
- He also mentioned that the Preamble of the Constitution is also seen as the soul of the Constitution, but he believes Article 32 is the heart and soul.
|
72. Which one of the following Articles was termed the ‘Heart and Soul of the Constitution’ by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar?
(a) Article 14
(b) Article 25
(c) Article 29
(d) Article 32
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (d) Article 32
- Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar said that Article 32 is the most significant part of the Indian Constitution.
- He said it is the soul and the heart of the Constitution and without it, the Constitution wouldn’t exist.
- He also noted that the Preamble to the Constitution is also seen as the soul of the Constitution but in his opinion, Article 32 is the heart and soul.
|
73. Consider the following statements:
Assertion (A): Dr. Ambedkar had described Article 32 of the Constitution as the very soul of it.
Reason (R): Article 32 provides an effective remedy against the violation of fundamental rights.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Code :
(a) (A) and (R) both are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) (A) and (R) both are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) (A) and (R) both are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
- Dr. Ambedkar saw Article 32 as very important because it guarantees that the fundamental rights listed in the Indian Constitution can be protected.
- The Supreme Court also has the authority to issue orders or writs to make sure these rights are enforced.
- So both statements, (A) and (R), are true and (R) explains (A).
|
74. Which one of the following writs can be issued by a High Court to secure the liberty of the individual?
(a) Mandamus
(b) Quo-warranto
(c) Habeas Corpus
(d) Prohibition
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]
Ans. (c) Habeas Corpus
- The Indian Constitution has a law (Article 226) that gives the High Court the power to issue certain orders.
- The High Court can make a Habeas Corpus order to protect the freedom of a person who is being held illegally.
- The Supreme Court can also make orders (under Article 32) to protect people’s fundamental rights.
- The High Court can make orders to protect people’s legal rights too.
|
75. Which one of the following constitutional remedies is also known as ‘postmortem’?
(a) Prohibition
(b) Mandamus
(c) Certiorari
(d) Quo warranto
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[65th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (e) None of the above/More than one of the above
- The Supreme Court and the High Court look at the decision of the Subordinate Courts again with the certiorari writ.
- The Quo warranto writ checks whether a person has the right to a public office.
- This writ stops someone from taking public office without permission.
- So, both of these writs look back on something that already happened.
- The answer should be (e) but the Bihar Public Service Commission said (d) was correct.
|
76. The writ which may be filed for protection of the right to Personal Freedom is –
(a) Mandamus
(b) Quo-warranto
(c) Habeas Corpus
(d) Certiorari
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1993]
Ans. (c) Habeas Corpus
- Habeas Corpus means “to bring someone to court”.
- This is a court order that requires a person who has been arrested or detained to be taken to court so that the court can decide if they should be kept in custody or released.
- This court order protects the right to personal freedom.
|
77. Match List-I (Article of Indian Constitution) with ListII (Provisions) and select the correct answer using the
code given below the lists:
| List – I |
List – II |
| (Article of Indian Constitution) |
(Provisions) |
| A. Article 16 (2) |
1. No person shall be deprived of his property save by the authority of law. |
| B. Article 29 (2) |
2. No person can be discriminated against in the matter of public appointment on the grounds of race, religion, or caste. |
| C. Article 30 (1) |
3. All minorities whether based on religion or language shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. |
| D. Article 31 (1) |
4. No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the State, or receiving State aid, on the grounds of religion, race, caste, language, or any of them. |
Code :
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
| (a) |
2 |
4 |
3 |
1 |
| (b) |
3 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
| (c) |
2 |
1 |
3 |
4 |
| (d) |
2 |
4 |
2 |
1 |
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (a) 2431
-
| (Article of Indian Constitution) |
(Provisions) |
| A. Article 16 (2) |
2. No person can be discriminated against in the matter of public appointment on the grounds of race, religion, or caste. |
| B. Article 29 (2) |
4. No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the State, or receiving State aid, on the grounds of religion, race, caste, language, or any of them |
| C. Article 30 (1) |
3. All minorities whether based on religion or language shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. |
| D. Article 31 (1) |
1. No person shall be deprived of his property save by the authority of law. |
|
78. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by using the code given below the list:
| List-I |
List-II |
| A. Fundamental Duties |
1. Minerva Mills Case |
| B. Parliament can amend Fundamental Rights |
2. Article 23 of the Constitution |
| C. Doctrine of Basic Structure |
3. 42thAmendment of the Constitution |
D. Prohibition of trafficking in Human Beings
|
4. Keshvanand Bharti Case |
Code :
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
| (a) |
3 |
4 |
1 |
2 |
| (b) |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
| (c) |
2 |
1 |
4 |
3 |
| (d) |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (a) 3412
- The matched order of List I and list-II is as follows:
| List-I |
List-II |
| A. Fundamental Duties |
3. 42thAmendment of the Constitution |
| B. Parliament can amend Fundamental Rights |
4. Keshvanand Bharti Case |
| C. Doctrine of Basic Structure |
1. Minerva Mills Case |
| D. Prohibition of trafficking in Human Beings |
2. Article 23 of the Constitution |
|
79. Match list-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the code given below :
| List – I |
List – II |
| (A) Abolition of Titles |
(i) Article 29 |
| (B) Freedom to manage |
(ii) Article 21-A Religious Affairs |
| (C) Protection of Language |
(iii) Article 18 of Minorities |
| (D) Right to Education |
(iv) Article 26 |
Code :
A B C D
(a) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv)
(b) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
(c) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
(d) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016, U.P.B.E.O. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (d) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
-
| (A) Abolition of Titles |
(iii) Article 18 of Minorities |
| (B) Freedom to manage |
(iv) Article 26 |
| (C) Protection of Language |
(i) Article 29 |
| (D) Right to Education |
(ii) Article 21-A Religious Affairs |
|
80. Consider the following statements in respect of Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards :
1. Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards are titled under Article 18(1) of the Constitution of India.
2. Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954, were suspended only once.
3. The number of Bharat Ratna Awards is restricted to a maximum of fi ve in a particular year.
Which of the above statements is not correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (d) 1, 2 and 3
- The government recognizes citizens who do good work in different areas of activity by giving them awards like Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, and Padma Shri.
- These awards, called Padma Awards, were first given in 1954 and are announced every year on Republic Day, except for a few years in the late 1970s and 1990s.
- The highest award, Bharat Ratna, is given for exceptional service and performance in any field.
- It is chosen by the Prime Minister and President of India and only three people can get it in one year.
|
81. The scope of the Article 21 of the Constitution was expanded to include the Right to Education, because of the decision of the Supreme Court in the case-
(a) Unnikrishnan v/s Andhra Pradesh
(b) Govind v/s State of Madhya Pradesh
(c) Parmanand Katara v/s Union of India
(d) Chameli Singh v/s State of Uttar Pradesh
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) Unnikrishnan v/s Andhra Pradesh
- In the Unnikrishnan v/s Andhra Pradesh case, a question was raised as to whether the Constitution of India gives citizens the right to education through Article 21 (Right to Life).
- The case also looked at the role that financial resources play in limiting the right to education, as well as the relationship between the Directive Principles and state policy in the Constitution and Fundamental rights.
- Lastly, it asked if the right to education includes adult professional education.
|
82. By which of the following cases does Parliament have the right to amend Fundamental Rights?
(a) Keshvananda Bharati Case
(b) Rajnarayan Vs. Indira Gandhi Case
(c) Golaknath’s Case
(d) Sajjan Singh Case
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1991]
Ans. (a) Keshvananda Bharati Case
- The Supreme Court decided that fundamental rights could be amended in 1951 and 1965 in the Shankri Prasad and Sajjan Singh cases.
- This was reversed in the Golaknath case in 1967, where it was declared that changing fundamental rights is not allowed.
- Keshvananda Bharati’s case in 1973 established that while Parliament can amend fundamental rights, it cannot do so in a way that changes the main ideas of the Constitution.
|
83. Select the correct chronological order of the following judgments dealing with Fundamental Rights:
(A) Golaknath v/s State of Punjab
(B) Keshvananda Bharati v/s State of Kerala
(C) Minerva Mills v/s Union of India
(D) A.K Gopalan v/s State of Madras
Select the correct answer:
(a) (D), (B), (C), (A)
(b) (A), (B), (C), (D)
(c) (D), (A), (B),(C)
(d) (D), (C), (B), (A)
[R.A.S/R.T.S (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) (D), (A), (B),(C)
- A.K. Gopalan v/s State of Madras (1950)
Golaknath v/s State of Punjab (1967)
Keshvananda Bharati v/s State of Kerala (1973)
Minerva Mills v/s Union of India (1980)
|
84. The Supreme Court of India has propounded the ‘Doctrine of Basic Structure’ of the Constitution in which of the following cases?
(a) Golaknath Vs. Punjab State
(b) Sajjan Singh Vs. Rajasthan State
(c) Keshavananda Bharati Vs. Kerala State
(d) Shankari Prasad Vs. Indian Union
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]
Ans. (c) Keshavananda Bharati Vs. Kerala State
- The idea of the main structure of the Constitution developed from the Supreme Court’s decision in the famous case of Keshvananda Bharati Vs. State of Kerala (1973) and was accepted in Minerva Mills Vs. Union of India (1980).
|
85. Right to Property is a –
(a) Fundamental Right
(b) Natural Right
(c) Statutory Right
(d) Legal Right
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (d) Legal Right
- When the Constitution was first written, the Right to Property was protected as an important right.
- However, the 44th Amendment Act of 1978 of the Constitution removed the Right to Property as a fundamental right, and added a new part, Article 300-A. Now it is a legal right instead.
|
86. Read the following statements and choose the correct option :
Statement I: The right to property was deleted from the list of Fundamental Rights by the 44th Amendment Act, of 1978.
Statement I: The right to property was made a legal right under Article 300-A in Part XII of the Constitution.
(a) Statement I is true, but Statement II is false.
(b) Statement I is false, but Statement II is true.
(c) Statement I and Statement II both are true.
(d) Statement I and Statement II both are false.
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2020]
Ans. (c) Statement I and Statement II both are true.
- The Constitution was originally written to include the Right to Property as a basic right.
- However, in 1978 the 44th Amendment Act changed this, taking away the Right to Property as a fundamental right and adding Article 300-A instead.
- Now it is considered a legal right.
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87. Which of the following Amendment Acts of the Constitution deleted the Right to Property from the list of Fundamental Rights?
(a) 37th Constitution Amendment Act, 1975
(b) 38th Constitution Amendment Act, 1975
(c) 44th Constitution Amendment Act, 1978
(d) 42nd Constitution Amendment Act, 1976
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010, M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1994, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) 44th Constitution Amendment Act, 1978
- The Constitution originally stated the Right to Property as a Basic Right.
- However, the 44th Amendment Act of 1978 removed this right and added Article 300-A instead.
- Now it is classified as a legal right.
|
88. The 44th amendment to the Constitution of India removed the following right from the category of Fundamental Rights:
(a) Freedom of Speech
(b) Constitutional Remedies
(c) Property
(d) Freedom of Religion
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (c) Property
- The Constitution was originally written so that the Right to Property was considered a Basic Right.
- However, in 1978 the 44th Amendment Act changed that, taking away the Right to Property as a fundamental right and introducing Article 300-A instead.
- Now it is considered a legal right.
|
89. Which one of the following is not a fundamental right?
(a) Right to Equality
(b) Right Against Exploitation
(c) Right to Property
(d) Right to Freedom of Religion
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2002, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (c) Right to Property
- Currently, the law guarantees everyone the right to own property.
- This is stated in Article 300A of the Constitution, which was added in 1978 by the 44th Amendment.
- This means that no one can be deprived of their property without permission from the law.
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90. Which one of the following is not among the six fundamental rights provided by the Constitution of India?
(a) Right to Equality
(b) Right to property
(c) Right against Exploitation
(d) Right to Freedom of Religion
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (b) Right to property
- Currently, the law says that no one can take away someone else’s property without permission from the law.
- This was added in 1978 by the 44th Amendment to the Constitution.
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91. The Indian Constitution does not grant which of the following rights?
(a) Right of Equal Shelter
(b) Right to Equality
(c) Right to Freedom of Religion
(d) Right to Liberty
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) Right of Equal Shelter
- The Indian Constitution offers equal rights (Art.14-18), freedom of religion (Art.25-28) and the right to freedom (Art.19-22), but does not guarantee equal housing for everyone.
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92. The ‘Right to Equality’ is granted by 5 Articles in the Indian Constitution. These are
(a) Article 13-17
(b) Article 14-18
(c) Article 15-19
(d) Article 16-20
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (b) Article 14-18
- The Indian Constitution guarantees the right to be treated equally, the right to follow any religion, and the right to freedom, but does not give the right to have the same kind of shelter.
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93. Which of the following is not a fundamental right granted by the Indian Constitution to the citizens?
(a) Right to Settle in any part of the Country
(b) Right to Gender Equality
(c) Right to Information
(d) Right Against Exploitation
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (c) Right to Information
- The Supreme Court ruled that the Right to Information is linked to the Right to freedom of speech and expression in the Constitution of India, even though it is not specifically written in the Constitution.
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94. Which one of the following rights is available to all persons under the Indian Constitution?
(a) Right to Equal Protection of the Law.
(b) Right Against Discrimination.
(c) Right to Freedom of speech and expression.
(d) Cultural and Educational Rights.
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010]
Ans. (a) Right to Equal Protection of the Law.
- Article 14 of the Indian Constitution states that everyone is equal in the eyes of the law, but only citizens have the right to freedom of speech and expression, the right against discrimination, and cultural and educational rights.
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95. Choose the fundamental rights available to Indian Citizens but not to aliens:
I. Freedom of Speech and Expression
II. Equality Before the Law
III. Right of Minorities
IV. Protection of Life and Liberty
(a) I and III
(b) I and IV
(c) II and IV
(d) II and III
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) I and III
- Only Indian citizens have the right to freedom of speech and expression under Article 19 and the rights of minorities to have their own culture and education under Article 29.
- These rights are not given to people who are not Indian citizens.
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96. A British citizen staying in India cannot claim the right to –
(a) Freedom of Trade and Profession
(b) Equality before the Law
(c) Protection of life and Personal Liberty
(d) Freedom of Religion
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (a) Freedom of Trade and Profession
- A British citizen living in India cannot take advantage of the ‘Right to Freedom of Trade and Profession’ since this right, given in Article 19(1)(g), is only given to Indian citizens.
- The other three rights, however, are available to everyone.
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97. Which of the following has been recognized as a fundamental right by the Supreme Court of India?
1. Right to Shelter
2. Right to Travel Abroad
3. Right to Equal Pay for Equal Work
Select the correct answer from the code given below:
Code :
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) 1, 2 and 3
- In Chameli Singh Vs. State of U.P. 1995, the Supreme Court ruled that the right to live includes the right to have a shelter.
- This means that people have not only the right to have a roof over their heads but also the right to access the infrastructure needed for them to live.
- The Supreme Court also said in Satwant Singh Vs. Union of India that people have the right to travel abroad.
- Lastly, in Randhir Singh Vs. Union of India, the Supreme Court said that people should get equal pay for doing the same job, regardless of any classification.
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98. The Supreme Court has held that hoisting the National Flag atop private buildings is a fundamental right of every citizen under:
(a) Article 14 of the Constitution
(b) Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution
(c) Article 21 of the Constitution
(d) Article 25 of the Constitution
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[60th to 62nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (b) Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution
- The highest court in India has said that all citizens have the right to display the national flag on their own buildings, as stated in Article 19 (1)(a) of the constitution.
- Article 14 makes sure everyone is treated the same by the law, Article 21 gives people the right to live and be free, and Article 25 allows people to choose and practice their religion.
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99. Which Article of the Constitution of India safeguards one’s right to marry the person of one’s choice?
(a) Article 19
(b) Article 21
(c) Article 25
(d) Article 25
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (b) Article 21
- In Lata Singh v/s State of U.P. 2006, the Supreme Court said that the right to marry is part of the right to life as stated in the Indian Constitution.
- In the Hadiya marriage case, the Supreme Court also said that the right to convert to a different religion and choose a partner is included in the right to life in the Constitution.
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100. Consider the following statements: No one can be compelled to sing the National Anthem since –
1. It will be a violation of the Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression
2. It will be a violation of the Right to Freedom of Conscience and Practice and Propagation of Religion
3. There is no legal provision obliging anyone to sing the National Anthem In these statements –
(a) 1 and 2 are correct
(b) 2 and 3 are correct
(c) 1, 2, and 3 are correct
(d) none is correct
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (c) 1, 2, and 3 are correct
- The Supreme Court disagreed with the High Court’s ruling in the Bijou Emmanuel vs. State of Kerala case.
- They said that expelling the children for having a different religion was against the Indian Constitution, as stated in Articles 19(1)(a) and 25(1).
- They also said that no law requires anyone to sing the National Anthem.
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101. Which of the following fundamental rights is not available to foreign citizens?
(a) Equality Before Law
(b) Right to Freedom of Expression
(c) Right to Freedom of Life and Liberty
(d) Right Against Exploitation
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2007, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015]
Ans. (b) Right to Freedom of Expression
- The Constitution of India provides the same fundamental rights to citizens and non-citizens alike.
- These include equality before the law, protection from a conviction for an offense, protection of life and liberty, the right to education, the right against exploitation, and the right to freedom of religion.
- However, the right to freedom of speech and expression is only available to citizens of India.
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102. Which one of the following Articles of the Constitution of India is related to equality before the law?
(a) Article 16
(b) Article 15
(c) Article 14
(d) Article 13
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (c) Article 14
- The Constitution of India provides the same fundamental rights to both citizens and non-citizens.
- These rights include equality before the law, protection from conviction for an offense, protection of life and liberty, right to education, right against exploitation, and right to freedom of religion.
- However, the right to freedom of speech and expression is only available to citizens of India.
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103. Which of the following rights are not available to all persons in India?
1. Equality Before the Law
2. Right Against Discrimination
3. Freedom to Move Freely throughout the Country
4. Right to Contest Election
Select your answer by using the code given below:
Code :
(a) 1, 3, 4
(b) 1, 2, 4
(c) 1, 2, 3
(d) 2, 3, 4
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (d) 2, 3, 4
- Everyone in India is equal under the law (Article 14).
- However, only citizens of India have the right to be free from discrimination (Articles 15, 16, 17), the right to travel freely throughout India (Article 19 (1) (d)) and the right to take part in elections.
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104. Which of the following rights conferred by the Constitution of India is also available to non-citizens?
(a) Right to Constitutional Remedies
(b) Freedom of Speech
(c) Freedom to Move and Settle in any Part of the Country
(d) Freedom to Acquire Property
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2011, 53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (a) Right to Constitutional Remedies
- People from India and other countries can use the Indian constitution to seek help, but only Indian citizens have the right to speak freely, travel within the country, and own property.
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105. Which of the following Article/Articles read with the word ‘Socialist’ used in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution enabled the Supreme Court to deduce a fundamental right to Equal Pay for Equal Work.
(a) Article 14
(b) Articles 14 and 15
(c) Articles 14, 15 and 16
(d) Articles 14 and 16
[U.P.P.C.S (Pre) 2001, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (d) Articles 14 and 16
- In the Randhir Singh Vs. Union of India court case, the Supreme Court declared that “equal pay for equal work” is an idea that can be taken from Articles 14 and 16, as well as Article 39 (d).
- This means that people who do the same job for the same employer should be paid the same, even if the employer has created different scales of pay without any good reason.
- Consequently, option (d) is the correct answer.
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106. Which of the following enabled the Supreme Court of India to deduce a fundamental right to equal pay for equal work:
(a) The word ‘socialist’ used in the Preamble to the Constitution
(b) (a) read with Article 14 of the Constitution
(c) (a) read with Article 16 of the Constitution
(d) (a), (b), and (c) all read together
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (d) (a), (b), and (c) all read together
- The word ‘Socialist’ is mentioned in the Preamble of the Constitution.
- The court was able to decide that everyone should be paid the same for doing the same work, based on Articles 14, 16, 39 (d) and the Preamble.
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107. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution guarantees equality of opportunity to all citizens of India in matters relating to public employment?
(a) Article 15
(b) Article 16 (1) and 16(2)
(c) Article 16(3)
(d) Article 16 (3), (4) and (5)
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2009]
Ans. (b) Article 16 (1) and 16(2)
- Articles 16(1) and 16(2) make sure that everyone in the state has the same chance to get a job or be appointed to a position in the government.
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108. The provisions of reservation of O.B.C. are made in the Constitution under which Articles?
(a) Article 13(II) & 14
(b) Article 14 & 15
(c) Article 15 (IV) & 16 (IV)
(d) Article 17 & 18
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (c) Article 15 (IV) & 16 (IV)
- Article 15(IV) gives the government the power to offer extra help to people who are not as educated or come from a disadvantaged background, such as the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes.
- Article 16(IV) also allows the government to offer more jobs to people from these backgrounds.
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109. The Constitution of India recognizes –
(a) Only religious minorities
(b) Only linguistic minorities
(c) Religious and linguistic minorities
(d) Religious, linguistic, and ethnic minorities
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) Religious and linguistic minorities
- The Constitution of India recognizes people who have different religions and languages.
- This means that citizens in India who have their own language, writing system, or culture can keep them.
- Article 30 also states that minorities have the right to create and manage schools that are based on religion or language.
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110. Right to education for all children between the age group of 6 to 14 years is –
(a) Included in the Directive Principles of State Policy
(b) A Fundamental Right
(c) A Statutory Right
(d) None of the above
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (b) A Fundamental Right
- In 2002, an amendment to the Constitution of India was added which makes it a fundamental right for all children aged 6-14 to have free and compulsory education.
- The legislation for this was enacted in 2009 called the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act and it came into effect on April 1st, 2010.
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111. When was the Right to Education added through the amendment in the Constitution of India?
(a) 1st April, 2010
(b) 1st August, 2010
(c) 1st October, 2010
(d) 1st December, 2010
[53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (a) 1st April, 2010
- The Indian Constitution had an amendment in 2002 that said all children aged 6 to 14 should have free and mandatory education.
- This was known as Article 21-A.
- The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act in 2009 made this a reality.
- This law started being used on April 1st, 2010.
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112. Which one of the following is a human right as well as a fundamental right under the Constitution of India?
(a) Right to Information
(b) Right to Work
(c) Right to Education
(d) Right to Housing
[53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (c) Right to Education
- A new law was added to the Constitution of India in 2002, called Article 21-A.
- This law makes it a fundamental right for all children between the ages of 6 and 14 to receive free and compulsory education.
- The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act was created to make sure this law was followed and came into effect on April 1st, 2010.
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113. Assertion (A): The state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age group of six to fourteen years.
Reason (R): In a democratic society, right to education is indispensable in the interpretation of the right to development as a human right.
In the context of the above statements select the correct answer.
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (R) is true, but (A) is true.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- The Indian Constitution states that the government must provide free and mandatory schooling to all children between the ages of six and fourteen.
- Assertion (A) is true because having access to education is a human right that helps individuals to be free and gain power.
- Therefore, both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the explanation for (A).
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114. Which one of the following rights cannot be suspended or restricted even during a National Emergency?
(a) Right to reside and settle in any part of the country.
(b) Right to life and personal liberty.
(c) Right to move freely throughout the territory of India
(d) Right to carry on any profession or business.
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2008]
Ans. (b) Right to life and personal liberty.
- The 44th Constitutional Amendment from 1978 states that no matter what, the rights to life and liberty (Article 21) cannot be taken away during a National Emergency.
- If the emergency is due to war or invasion, the rights under Article 19 will be automatically taken away.
- These rights cannot be removed if the emergency is caused by a rebellion.
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115. The word ‘Hindu’ in Article 25 of the Constitution of India does not include –
(a) Buddhists
(b) Jains
(c) Parsis
(d) Sikhs
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014, Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2006]
Ans. (c) Parsis
- Article 25 says that Hindu includes people who follow Sikh, Jain, or Buddhist religions, but Parsis are not included.
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116. In India, if a religious sect/community is given the status of a national minority, what special advantages is it entitled to?
1. It can establish and administer exclusive educational institutions.
2. The President of India automatically nominates a representative of the community to Lok Sabha.
3. It can derive benefits from the Prime Minister’s 15-Point Programme.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (c) 1 and 3
- The Constitution does not provide any special rights for minority groups.
- This means that statement 2 is incorrect, but statements 1 and 3 are correct.
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117. An accused of any offense cannot be compelled to be a witness against himself, which Article of Indian Constitution provides for this?
(a) Article 20(3)
(b) Article 21
(c) Article 22
(d) Article 74
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (a) Article 20(3)
- Article 20 of the Constitution ensures that people who are accused of committing a crime cannot be forced to testify against themselves.
- This is based on the legal idea that someone accused of a crime is innocent until proven guilty and it is the duty of the prosecutor to prove their guilt.
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118. Which Article of the Constitution provides protection to the accused regarding conviction from double-bar and self-incrimination?
(a) Article 19
(b) Article 22
(c) Article 21
(d) Article 20
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (d) Article 20
- Article 20(2) states that a person cannot be punished for the same crime more than once, and Article 20(3) states that a person accused of a crime cannot be forced to testify against themselves.
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119. “No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offense more than once.” Under which Article, the above preservation of conviction for crime is given?
(a) Article 19
(b) Article 20
(c) Article 21
(d) Article 22
[U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Article 20
- Article 20(2) of the Constitution of India states that a person cannot be put on trial or punished more than once for the same crime.
- This is referred to as the ‘Doctrine of Double Jeopardy’.
- The purpose of this article is to stop people from having to go through multiple criminal trials after committing one offense.
- The law maxim related to this is ‘Nemo Debit Bis Vexari’ which means ‘no man shall be put twice in peril for the same offense’.
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120. In which Article of the Indian Constitution Doctrine of Due Process of Law is included?
(a) 11
(b) 16
(c) 21
(d) 26
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (c) 21
- No one’s life or freedom can be taken away from them unless it is done according to the rules and regulations set by the law.
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121. Which Article gives safeguards to the Fundamental Rights of an arrested person?
(a) Article 15
(b) Article 17
(c) Article 21
(d) Article 22
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (d) Article 22
- The Constitution states that someone who has been arrested should be told why they are being arrested right away, and they should have the right to choose their own lawyer to help them.
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122. Under the Preventive Detention Act, a person can be arrested without trial for –
(a) 1 month
(b) 3 months
(c) 6 months
(d) 9 months
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) 3 months
- The Constitution of India states that no law should allow someone to be kept in preventive detention for more than three months.
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123. Which one of the following writs is regarded as the greatest safeguard for the liberty of a person?
(a) Mandamus
(b) Habeas Corpus
(c) Certiorari
(d) Prohibition
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (b) Habeas Corpus
- The WritE of Habeas Corpus is known as the strongest protection of someone’s freedom.
- It requires the person who has taken another into custody to bring that person to court and explain why they are being held.
- If there is no legal reason, the person must be released.
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124. Bonded Labour was abolished in India, by an Act of Parliament enacted in the year –
(a) 1971
(b) 1976
(c) 1979
(d) 1981
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2010, U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (b) 1976
- The Constitution does not allow buying and selling people or making them do forced labor.
- Breaking this rule is a crime and can be punished by law.
- In 1975, a law was made by the President to stop this practice.
- In 1976, a new law was passed by the Parliament to replace the old one.
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125. Child labor was prohibited in hazardous employment by–
(a) Indian Constitution
(b) The judgment of the Supreme Court on December 10, 1996
(c) United Nations Charter
(d) All of the above
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2003, U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (d) All of the above
- Article 24 states that no child under the age of 14 years old should be allowed to work in any kind of dangerous job, such as a factory or mine.
- The United Nations Charter declares that children should be given special help to grow and develop in a healthy environment.
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126. Fill in the blank: _________without duties are like men without shadows.’
(a) Belief
(b) Rights
(c) Moral
(d) Work
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Rights
- Sir Ernest Barker said that rights must come with duties, like how a person has a shadow.
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127. In the context of India, which one of the following is the correct relationship between Rights and Duties?
(a) Rights are correlative with Duties
(b) Rights are personal and hence independent of society and Duties
(c) Rights, not Duties, are important for the advancement of the personality of the citizen
(d) Duties, not Rights, are important for the stability of the State
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (a) Rights are correlative with Duties
- In India, rights and duties go hand in hand. Holland says that when someone has a right, it means that other people need to either do or not do certain things.
- This is known as a duty.
- Rights and duties are two parts of the same thing.
- The Supreme Court has said that a rule that makes someone do something may not be able to be enforced in a court of law, but it still must be followed.
- Rights and duties depend on each other and work together.
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128. The right to Privacy is protected as an intrinsic part of the Right to Life and Personal Liberty. Which of the following in the Constitution of India correctly and appropriately implies the above statement?
(a) Article 14 and the provisions under the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution.
(b) Article 17 and the Directive Principles of State Policy in Part IV.
(c) Article 21 and the freedoms guaranteed in Part III.
(d) Article 24 and the provisions under the 44th Amendment to the Constitution.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) Article 21 and the freedoms guaranteed in Part III.
- The Supreme Court of India ruled that the Right to Privacy is a protected right under Article 21 of the Constitution of India in the case of Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) and others. vs Union of India.
- This is an important decision. Option C is correct.
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129. ‘Right to Privacy’ is protected under which Article of the Constitution of India?
(a) Article 15
(b) Article 19
(c) Article 21
(d) Article 29
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (c) Article 21
- The Supreme Court of India made a very important decision in the case of Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) and others vs. Union of India.
- The court ruled that the right to privacy is a fundamental right protected by the Constitution of India in Article 21.
- Therefore Option (c) is correct.
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