1. Selva forests are characterized by :
(a) Broadleaf evergreen
(b) Broad leaf deciduous
(c) Coniferous evergreen
(d) Coniferous deciduous
[U.P. B.E.O. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) Broadleaf evergreen
- Forests in the Amazon River Basin in Brazil are called Selva forests.
- They are located in the equatorial area and have high temperatures and a lot of rain (250 cm per year).
- This creates dense and wide leaf evergreen forests.
- Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.
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2. Which one among the following covers the highest percentage of forest area in the world?
(a) Temperate Coniferous forests
(b) Temperate Deciduous forests
(c) Tropical Monsoon forests
(d) Tropical Rainforests
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (a) Temperate Coniferous forests
- Coniferous forests are the most common type of forest in the world, usually being found in colder regions.
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3. Which of the following countries has a constitutional provision for maintaining 70% of its geographical area under forest?
(a) Maldives
(b) Nepal
(c) Bhutan
(d) Afghanistan
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (c) Bhutan
- Bhutan’s constitution requires them to keep at least 60% of their land as forests.
- Right now, they have 72.48% of their land covered by forests.
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4. The evergreen rainforests are found in :
(a) Australia
(b) Brazil
(c) Canada
(d) France
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) Brazil
- Tropical evergreen forests grow in hot areas close to the Equator and the tropics that get a lot of rain throughout the year.
- These forests don’t lose all their leaves at once, which is why they’re called evergreen.
- Major evergreen forests can be found in the Amazon River Basin, Congo basin, and Southeast Asia.
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5. Which type of forests are found near the equator –
(a) Deciduous forests
(b) Coniferous forest
(c) Meadows forest
(d) Tropical forest
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (d) Tropical forest
- Tropical forests are located close to the equator and have warm climates.
- These forests can be divided into two categories: Evergreen and Deciduous.
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6. Dense forests on the earth are mostly found –
(a) Nearby Equator
(b) Nearby tropic of Cancer
(c) Nearby tropic of Capricorn
(d) Nearby Poles
[41st B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) Nearby Equator
- Trees near the equator and tropics that stay green year-round are called evergreen forests.
- These areas are warm and get a lot of rain every year.
- The biggest evergreen forests are in the Amazon River Basin (Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, and Suriname), Congo Basin (Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Congo Republic), and Southeast Asia (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea).
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7. Which one of the following is noted for extensive tropical rainforests?
(a) Congo Basin
(b) Ganga Basin
(c) Hwang Ho Basin
(d) Murray- Darling Basin
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1996]
Ans. (a) Congo Basin
- The Amazon rainforest is the world’s largest tropical rainforest, covering an area of 6.7 million square kilometers.
- It is more than three times larger than the Congo Basin, the second largest rainforest.
- It is also one of the most famous and diverse ecosystems in the world.
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8. Taiga forests are characteristics of –
(a) Equatorial region
(b) Tropical region
(c) Sub-tropical region
(d) Temperate region
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (d) Temperate region
- Taiga forests are found in temperate climates and are sometimes referred to as coniferous or boreal forests.
- They are located in the northernmost parts of the temperate biomes in North America and Eurasia. Summers in this region are shorter than other temperate climates.
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9. The world’s largest and most dense forests are in
(a) India
(b) Tanzania
(c) Brazil
(d) Canada
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) Brazil
- The Amazon River Basin is the biggest rainforest in the world and is spread over 40% of South America.
- It covers parts of 8 countries in South America: Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana and Suriname.
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10. Which country has the highest percentage of its geographical area under forests?
(a) China
(b) India
(c) Indonesia
(d) Japan
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (d) Japan
- The World Bank Report 2016 said that Japan has 68.45% of its land area covered by forests, Indonesia has 49.86%, India has 23.83%, and China has 22.35%.
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11. The coniferous forests are not found in:
(a) Amazonia
(b) Scandinavia
(c) Canada
(d) Finland
[U.P.P.C.S.(Pre) 2001]
Ans. (a) Amazonia
- Coniferous forests can be found in places located between 50° N and 60° N latitude.
- These forests are located in Canada, Europe, Asia, and the United States, but not in Amazonia (Brazil).
- Amazonia (Brazil) has tropical evergreen forests instead.
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12. Coniferous forests are mainly found in –
(a) Tropical region
(b) Temperate region
(c) Coastal region
(d) None of the above
[Uttarakhand Lower (Sub.) (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Temperate region
- Coniferous trees mostly grow in areas with moderate temperatures.
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13. In which of the following countries of Africa, dense, hot, and humid forests are found?
(a) Ivory Coast
(b) Kenya
(c) Zimbabwe
(d) South Africa
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (a) Ivory Coast
- The Ivory Coast is a country that has hot, humid, and dense forests.
- It is located on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea.
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14. Assertion (A): Unlike temperate forests, tropical rain forests, if cleared, can yield productive farmland that can support intensive agriculture for several years even without chemical fertilizers.
Reason (R): The primary productivity of the tropical rainforest is very high compared to that of temperate forests.
Code :
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true individually true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are individually true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
- Instead of tropical rain forests, if the temperate forests are destroyed, they can be used for farming.
- People are quickly turning the mid-latitude forests into farms.
- So, statement A is incorrect. The tropical rainforest produces more biomass (2200 grams per square meter/year) than other types of forests, including temperate forests (1320 grams per square meter/year).
- Therefore, reason R is correct.
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15. If a tropical rainforest is removed, it does not regenerate quickly as compared to a tropical deciduous forest.
This is because
(a) The soil of rain forest is deficient in nutrients
(b) Propagules of the trees in a rainforest have poor viability
(c) The rainforest species are slow-growing
(d) Exotic species invade the fertile soil of rainforest
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (a) The soil of the forest is deficient in nutrients
- Tropical rainforests don’t grow back as fast as deciduous forests because the soil they’re in lacks nutrients.
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16. Match list I with list II and select the correct answer:
| List-I |
List-II |
| (Timber) |
(Country) |
| A. Cedar |
1. Myanmar |
| B. Douglas Fir |
2. Canada |
| C. Mahogany |
3. Mexico |
| D. Teak |
4. Honduras |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 3 2 1 4
(b) 3 2 4 1
(c) 2 3 4 1
(d) 2 3 1 4
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) 2 3 4 1
| The correctly matched timbers with their countries are as follows: |
| Timber |
Country |
| Cedar |
Canada |
| Douglas Fir |
Mexico |
| Mahogany |
Honduras |
| Teak |
Myanmar |
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17. Match List-I with List-II and choose the correct answer from the codes given below the lists –
| List-I |
List-II |
| A. Monsoon Forest |
1. Plum and Olive |
| B. Equatorial Forest |
2. Pine and Spruce |
| C. Mediterranean Forest |
3. Teak and Sal |
| D. Coniferous Forest |
4. Mahogany and Rosewood |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 3 4 1 2
(b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 4 2 3 1
(d) 1 3 2 4
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (a) 3 4 1 2
| The correct match of List-I with List-II is as follows: |
| Monsoon Forest – |
Teak and Sal |
| Equatorial Forest |
Mahogany and Rosewood |
| Mediterranean Forest |
Plum and Olive |
| Coniferous Forest |
Pine and Spruce |
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18. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :
| List- I |
List- II |
| (Vegetation Type) |
(Region) |
| A. Maquis |
1. California |
| B. Fynbos |
2. Mediterranean Sea Coastal Region |
| C. Chaparral |
3. South Africa |
| D. Matorral |
4. Chile |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 2 3 1 4
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 3 4 1 2
(d) 4 2 3 1
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) 2 3 1 4
| The correct match of List-I with List-II is as follows : |
| Maquis |
Mediterranean Sea Coastal
Region |
| Fynbos |
South Africa |
| Chaparral |
California |
| Matorral |
California |
| Matorral |
Chile |
| As, per the question, the correct answer is option (a). |
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19. Which country of the world is the largest producer and exporter of soft timber and wood pulp?
(a) U.S.A.
(b) Norway
(c) Sweden
(d) Canada
[45th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2001]
Ans. (d) Canada
- At the time this question was asked, Canada was the biggest producer and exporter of softwood and wood pulp.
- The latest FAO Year Book of Forest Products 2018 shows that the United States is the top wood pulp producer with 48965 thousand mt in 2018.
- Brazil, Canada, China, Sweden and Finland followed in that order.
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20. Which one of the following countries is the largest producer of fuelwood in the world?
(a) Indonesia
(b) Russia
(c) India
(d) China
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (c) India
- Data from the FAO Yearbook of Forest Products shows that India is the top producer of wood fuel in 2018, followed by China and then Brazil.
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21. Dalbergia species is associated with which one of the following?
(a) Cashew nut
(b) Coffee
(c) Tea
(d) Rosewood
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2007]
Ans. (d) Rosewood
- Dalbergia is a big family of trees, ranging from 100-600 species.
- These trees are commonly found in North and South America, Africa, Madagascar, and the tropical regions of South Asia.
- Some of the better-known types of Dalbergia are Sesame (also known as Rosewood), Kingwood, Tulipwood, and Money Bush.
- Sesame trees have a scent that is similar to roses, which is why they are referred to as Rosewood.
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22. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :
| List- I |
List- II |
| (Natural Vegetation) |
(Region) |
| A. Epiphytes |
1. Mediterranean |
| B. Acacia |
2. Equatorial |
| C. Baobab |
3. Sahara |
| D. Cedars |
4. Savanna |
Code :
A B C D
(a) 2 3 4 1
(b) 2 3 1 4
(c) 2 4 3 1
(d) 2 4 1 3
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) 2 3 4 1
| The correct match of List-I with List-II is as follows : |
| (Natural Vegetation) |
(Region) |
| Epiphytes |
Equatorial |
| Acacia |
Sahara |
| Baobab |
Savanna |
| Cedars |
Mediterranean |
| The correct answer is option (a). |
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23. “Leaf litter decomposes faster than in any other biome and as a result, the soil surface is often almost bare. Apart from trees, the vegetation is largely composed of plant forms that reach up into the canopy vicariously, by climbing the trees or growing as epiphytes, rooted on the upper branches of trees.” This is the most likely description of
(a) coniferous forest
(b) dry deciduous forest
(c) mangrove forest
(d) tropical rainforest
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2021]
Ans. (d) tropical rainforest
- In the tropical region, it is usually hot and rainy throughout the year, so there are many different types of trees in the forest.
- Additionally, epiphytes can be found here and the fallen leaves decompose quickly.
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