1. The Regulating Act was passed in –
(a) 1773
(b) 1774
(c) 1785
(d) 1793
[39th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1994]
Ans. (a) 1773
- The British Parliament passed the Regulating Act in 1773 to control the British East India Company’s land in India, mainly in Bengal.
- This Act included the selection of a Governor-General of Fort William in Bengal with authority over Madras and Bombay.
- There was a Council of four, each with voting power, but no veto power.
- Warren Hastings was the first Governor of Bengal.
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2. In which year was the Regulation Act passed?
(a) A.D. 1757
(b) A.D. 1765
(c) A.D. 1773
(d) A.D. 1793
[56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) A.D. 1773
- The British Parliament passed the Regulating Act of 1773 in order to manage the territories of the British East India Company in India, mainly in Bengal.
- The main points of the Act were to appoint a Governor-General of Fort William in Bengal, who would watch over the Presidencies of Madras and Bombay.
- The Governor-General had four people in their Council who could vote but not reject any decisions.
- Warren Hastings was given the job of the first Governor of Bengal.
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3. In which year Regulating Act was passed?
(a) 1753
(b) 1757
(c) 1764
(d) 1773
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (d) 1773
- In 1773, the British Parliament passed a law to control the British East India Company’s holdings in India, mostly in Bengal.
- The law stated that there would be a Governor-General in charge of Fort William in Bengal who would oversee the Madras and Bombay Presidencies.
- This Governor-General was given a Council of four who had the power to vote but not veto.
- Warren Hastings was the first Governor of Bengal.
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4. In which of the following Acts for the first time provision was made for the post of Governor-General of Bengal?
(a) Regulating Act, 1773
(b) Pitt’s Indian Act, 1784
(c) Charter Act of 1813
(d) Act of 1833
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2013]
Ans. (a) Regulating Act, 1773
- The British Parliament passed the Regulating Act of 1773 to help control the British East India Company’s territories in India, especially Bengal.
- This Act put a Governor-General in charge of Fort William in Bengal.
- He had a four-member Council who could vote, but not veto.
- Warren Hastings was the first Governor of Bengal.
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5. Under the provision of Regulating Act, a Provincial Assembly for Bihar was set up in–
(a) 1772
(b) 1774
(c) 1776
(d) 1778
[40th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1995]
Ans. (b) 1774
- The Regulating Act was created by the British Parliament in 1773 to control the actions of the East India Company in India.
- This law was put into action in 1774 and a Provincial Assembly was then set up in Bihar.
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6. When did Bihar become a separate province in India?
(a) 1897
(b) 1905
(c) 1907
(d) 1912
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (d) 1912
- On March 22nd 1912, the areas of Bihar and Orissa were taken away from Bengal Presidency and were made into their own province called Bihar and Orissa Province.
- On April 1st 1936, Bihar and Orissa were officially declared two separate provinces.
- This day is celebrated as Bihar Divas.
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7. The Supreme Court was set up for the first time in India under the:
(a) Regulating Act, 1773
(b) Charter Act, 1853
(c) Government of India Act, 1935
(d) Indian Constitution Act, 1950
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (a) Regulating Act, 1773
- In 1773, the Regulating Act was passed which created India’s first Supreme Court located in Fort William, Calcutta.
- This Supreme Court was comprised of a Chief Justice and three other Judges.
- Sir Elijah Impey was the first Chief Justice.
- This Supreme Court was the highest level of the judicial system and had authority over all British citizens living in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
- The Supreme Court officially began in 1774.
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8. Supreme Court of Kolkata started in India and was introduced by the Act of?
(a) Pitts India Act
(b) 1909 Act
(c) 1919 Act
(d) 1858 Act
(e) None of these
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
Ans. (e) None of these
- In 1773, the Regulating Act set up India’s first Supreme Court, located in Fort William, Calcutta.
- This Supreme Court was headed by a Chief Justice and three other regular Judges.
- Sir Elijah Impey was the first Chief Justice.
- The Supreme Court was in charge of giving justice to all British citizens including the provinces of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
- This Supreme Court started operating in 1774.
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9. The first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court established by the East India Company was –
(a) Elijah Impey
(b) Courtney Ilbert
(c) Phillip Francis
(d) None of the above
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2012]
Ans. (a) Elijah Impey
- In 1773, the Regulating Act set up India’s first Supreme Court in Fort William, Calcutta.
- It was made up of a Chief Justice and three other Judges.
- Sir Elijah Impey became the first Chief Justice.
- This Supreme Court had the highest power over any British person in the provinces of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa and started work in 1774.
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10. Which Act gave the right to reject the decision of the committee to the Governor-General?
(a) Regulating Act of 1773
(b) Pits India Act of 1784
(c) Act of 1786
(d) Act of 1813
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 1990]
Ans. (c) Act of 1786
- In 1786, the British Parliament introduced a new bill regarding India in an attempt to convince Cornwallis to take the role of Governor-General.
- Cornwallis wanted the powers of both the Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief.
- The new Act allowed the Governor-General to overrule the majority of the Council if necessary to ensure peace, defense, or the general welfare of the Indian empire.
- This Act, known as the British India Act of 1786, was proposed by Pitt and became law.
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11. Which of the following Acts empowered Lord Cornwallis to overrule the decision of his Council?
(a) Regulating Act
(b) Act of 1786
(c) Charter Act of 1793
(d) Charter Act of 1813
[44th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (b) Act of 1786
- In 1786, a new law called the British India Act was passed by Parliament in an effort to convince Cornwallis to become the Governor-General of India.
- Cornwallis wanted to have the authority of both the Governor-General and the Commander-in-Chief.
- This Act gave the Governor-General the power to overrule the majority of the Council and enforce their decisions in matters concerning the peace, defense, and wellbeing of the Indian empire.
- This Act made the Governor-General a stronger ruler.
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12. When were the rights of the tenants on land in Bengal and Bihar recognized by the Bengal Tenancy Act?
(a) 1968
(b) 1881
(c) 1885
(d) 1893
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (c) 1885
- The Bengal Tenancy Act of 1885 established the rights of people who rented land in Bengal and Bihar.
- This law outlined what landlords and tenants were responsible for.
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13. By a Regulation in 1793, the District Collector was deprived of his judicial powers and made the collecting agent only. What was the reason for such regulation?
(a) Lord Cornwallis felt that the District Collector’s efficiency of revenue collection would enormously increase without the burden of other work.
(b) Lord Cornwallis felt that judicial power should compulsorily be in the hands of Europeans. While Indians can be given the job of revenue collection in the districts.
(c) Lord Cornwallis was alarmed at the extent of power concentrated in the District Collector and felt that such absolute power was undesirable in one person.
(d) The judicial work demanded a deep knowledge of India and good training in law and Lord Cornwallis felt that the District Collector should be only a revenue collector.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (c) Lord Cornwallis was alarmed at the extent of power concentrated in the District Collector and felt that such absolute power was undesirable in one person.
- The Cornwallis Code was introduced in 1793 and was based on the idea of separating the administration of revenue from the administration of justice.
- This was so that the Collector, who was in charge of the revenue in a district, was not seen as a biased judge in revenue cases.
- The Code removed the Collector’s judicial and magisterial powers and gave them to a new class of officers called the District Judge, who presided over the District Civil Court and had magisterial and police functions.
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14. The monopoly of the East India Company in India’s trade was abolished in –
(a) 1793
(b) 1803
(c) 1813
(d) 1833
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (c) 1813
- In 1813, the East India Company’s control over India’s trade was ended by the Charter Act.
- However, they still had exclusive control over the trading of tea and with China.
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15. Consider the following statements about ‘The Charter Act of 1813’.
1. It ended the trade monopoly of the East India Company in India except for trade in tea and trade with China.
2. It asserted the sovereignty of the British Crown over the Indian territories held by the Company.
3. The revenues of India were now controlled by the British Parliament.
Which of the statements given above is correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2019]
Ans. (a) 1 and 2 only
- The 1813 Act put an end to the East India Company’s control over trade in India, but they were still able to do business in China and sell tea.
- This is true. Additionally, the Act emphasized that the British crown had absolute power over India.
- This is also true. Lastly, the Pitts India Act of 1784 granted the British parliament control over India’s finances.
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16. By which of the following regulation, the British East India Company’s trade monopoly in India was abolished?
(a) Charter Act of 1793
(b) Charter Act of 1813
(c) Charter Act of 1833
(d) Charter Act of 1853
(e) None of these
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2017]
Ans. (b) Charter Act of 1813
- The 1813 Act ended the Company’s control over trading in India, but they kept the trade with China and the tea trade.
- This is true. This Act also showed that the British Crown had power over India. This is true as well.
- The money made from India was managed by the British government through the Pitts India Act of 1784.
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17. Which of the following is one of the reasons for considering the Charter Act of 1813 important for India?
(a) It banned propaganda by Christian Missionaries in India.
(b) It emphasized industrialization in India.
(c) It made a financial allocation for the education of Indian people.
(d) It approved the development of a railway system in India.
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (c) It made a financial allocation for the education of Indian people
- The East India Company Act of 1813 is also called the Charter Act of 1813.
- It stated that the British government had control of British India.
- It also allowed Christian missionaries to spread their religion and English and it gave 100,000 pounds to help education for the people of India.
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18. Which one of the following provisions was not made in the Charter Act of 1833?
(a) The trading activities of the East India Company were to be abolished.
(b) The designation of the supreme authority was to be changed to the Governor General of India-in-Council.
(c) All law-making powers to be conferred on Governor General-in-council.
(d) An Indian was to be appointed as a Law Member of the Governor-General’s Council.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (d) An Indian was to be appointed as a Law Member of the Governor-General’s Council.
- The Charter Act of 1833 renewed with the requirement that the Company stop all trade with India and China and let Europeans settle in India.
- The Company lost its monopoly on China and tea trade due to the 1813 Charter Act.
- This Act made the Governor General of Bengal the Governor-General of British India and put all financial and administrative control in the Governor-General’s Council.
- Lord Macaulay was the first fourth person to be appointed to the Council for legislative purposes.
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19. Which of among following had recommended holding the Indian Civil Service Examination simultaneously in India & England?
(a) Aitchison Commission
(b) Hobhouse Commission
(c) Montagu-Chelmsford Report
(d) Lord Cornwallis
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Mains) 2010]
Ans. (c) Montagu-Chelmsford Report
- The Montagu-Chelmsford Report suggested that more Indians should be included in the administration and that exams for Civil Services should be held in both Britain and India.
- Following this recommendation, Civil Services exams were held both in England and India starting in 1922.
- However, the Aitchison Commission disagreed and did not support the idea of holding exams in both countries.
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20. Which Act provisioned a competitive exam system for Civil Services?
(a) 1833
(b) 1853
(c) 1858
(d) 1882
[46th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (b) 1853
- The Charter Act of 1853 said that the salaries of the Board of Control, its Secretary, and other employees would be determined by the British Government, but the money for the payments would come from the Company’s funds.
- The number of Directors of the Court of Directors was decreased from 24 to 18, with 6 of those nominated by the Crown.
- The Court of Directors was not allowed to have control of patronage, and anyone could compete for Company services without any discrimination.
- In the following year (1854), a committee with Macau lay was created to put into effect the plan of hiring for Civil Services through competition.
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21. Which of the following Acts for the first time created a functioning Legislature Council in India?
(a) Charter Act of 1793
(b) Charter Act of 1813
(c) Charter Act of 1853
(d) Charter Act of 1833
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (c) Charter Act of 1853
- In 1853, a significant change was made in India to divide power between the government and the lawmakers: the Charter Act.
- This was the first time that a Legislative Council was set up, with twelve members.
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22. In which of the following years the British Government finally agreed to hold the Indian Civil Services (I.C.S.) examination simultaneously in India and England?
(a) 1922
(b) 1923
(c) 1924
(d) 1925
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2014]
Ans. (a) 1922
- Starting from 1922, the ICS exam began to be held in India.
- In 1924, the Lee Commission suggested setting up an unbiased Public Service Commission for India, so the Union Public Service Commission was established in 1926.
- Later, in 1935, the Government of India Act created separate Public Service Commissions for the Central and State Government Services.
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23. Match List- I with List- II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below –
List-I List-II
A. Establishment of Board of Control 1773 1. Regulating Act,
B. Establishment of Supreme Court 1784 2. Pitt’s India Act,
C. Permission of appointment of Christian missionaries in India 3. Charter Act, 1813
D. Law Member in Governor General Council 4. Charter Act, 1833
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 2 1 3 4
(c) 1 2 4 3
(d) 2 4 1 3
U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002
Ans. (b) 2 1 3 4
The correctly matched list is as follows :
| Establishment of Board of Control |
Pitt’s India Act, 1784 |
| Establishment of Supreme Court |
Regulating Act, 1773 |
| Permission of appointment of Christian missionaries in India |
Charter Act, 1813 |
| Law Member in Governor General Council |
Charter Act, 1833 |
24. Match List-I (Acts of colonial Government of India) with List-II (Provisions) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists –
List-I (Acts of Colonial Government of India)
A. Charter Act, 1813
B. Regulating Act, 1773
C. Act of 1858
D. Pitt’s India Act, 1784
List II (Provisions)
1. Set up a Board of Control in Britain to fully regulate East India
2. The company’s trade monopoly in India was ended
3. The power to govern was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown
4. The Company’s directors were asked to present to the British Government all correspondence and
documents pertaining to the administration of the
company
Code :
A B C D
(a) 2 4 3 1
(b) 1 3 4 2
(c) 2 3 4 1
(d) 1 4 3 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (a) 2 4 3 1
- The Charter Act of 1813 took away the East India Company’s power to trade in everything except tea and with China.
- The Regulating Act of 1773 asked the Company’s directors to send all their letters and documents to the British Government.
- The Company Act of 1858 gave the British Crown control over the East India Company.
- Pitt’s India Act of 1784 created a Board of Control in Britain to oversee the East India Company.
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25. By this Act, the British Parliament had abolished the monopoly of East India Company’s trade in India except for Tea and China trade.
(a) Charter Act of 1813
(b) Charter Act of 1833
(c) Charter Act of 1853
(d) Charter Act of 1873
[U.P. R.O./A.R.O. (Mains) 2017]
Ans. (a) Charter Act of 1813
- The Charter Act of 1813 took away the East India Company’s power to trade in most things, except tea and trade with China.
- The Regulating Act of 1773 asked the Company’s directors to give the British Government all communications and papers related to the Company.
- The Act of 1858 moved the authority from the East India Company to the British Government to control and lead the Company.
- The Pitt’s India Act of 1784 established a Board of Control in Britain to oversee the East India Company’s activities.
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26. Under which Act, Board of Control was established –
(a) Regulating Act, 1773
(b) Settlement Act, 1781
(c) Charter Act, 1813
(d) Pitt’s India Act, 1784
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (d) Pitt’s India Act, 1784
- The Charter Act of 1813 took away the East India Company’s exclusive trading rights apart from tea and goods from China.
- The Regulating Act of 1773 required the Company’s bosses to give their letters and papers about how they were running the business to the British Government.
- The Company Act of 1858 moved control of the East India Company from the Company to the British Crown.
- Finally, Pitt’s India Act of 1784 set up an oversight board in Britain to make sure the East India Company followed the rules.
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27. By which Act British Govt. abolished the monopoly of East India Company on the trading of tea and sugar?
(a) Regulating Act, 1773
(b) Pitt’s India Act, 1784
(c) Charter Act, 1813
(d) Charter Act, 1833
[M.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (c) Charter Act, 1813
- If the question asked about “sugar and China” instead of “sugar and tea,” the correct answer would be option (d).
- MPPSC deemed this question incorrect and gave bonus points for it.
|
28. British East India Company lost the monopoly of the Tea trade by –
(a) The Charter Act of 1793
(b) The Charter Act of 1813
(c) The Charter Act of 1833
(d) The Charter Act of 1853
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (c) The Charter Act of 1833
- The British East India Company passed a series of laws, called the Charter Act of 1833.
- This law got rid of all business rights and benefits, and the Company was only allowed to do things for the British government.
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29. Which of the following Acts transferred the Government of India from East India Company to the Crown?
(a) Charter Act, 1833
(b) Charter Act, 1853
(c) The Government of India Act, 1858
(d) Indian Councils Act, 1861
[U.P.P.S.C. (GIC) 2010, U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (c) The Government of India Act, 1858
- The British Parliament created the Government of India Act in 1858, which moved power away from the East India Company and gave it to the Crown.
- One member of the British Parliament became the Secretary of State for India, who handled the Crown’s powers and reported to the British Parliament.
- The Advisory Council of India had 15 members; eight were appointed by the Crown and seven were elected by the Court of Directors.
- The Secretary of State for India was in charge of the powers that the Court of Directors and Board of Control had before.
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30. Consider the following statements–
1. The Charter Act, of 1853 abolished the East India Company’s monopoly of Indian trade.
2. Under the Government of India Act, of 1858 the British Parliament abolished the East India Company altogether and undertook the responsibility of ruling India directly.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2006]
Ans. (b) 2 only
- The Charter Act of 1813 ended the East India Company’s control over India, but it still kept its control over trading with China and trading tea. So statement 1 is not true.
- The British Parliament then passed the Government of India Act of 1858, which gave the control of India to the Crown and the British government took charge of governing India. So statement 2 is correct.
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31. Which one of the following Acts empowered the Governor- General of India to issue Ordinances:
(a) Charter Act of 1833
(b) Indian Councils Act of 1861
(c) Indian Councils Act of 1892
(d) Indian Councils Act of 1909
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2001, U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) Indian Councils Act of 1861
- The Indian Council Act of 1861 gave the Governor-General the power to create an Ordinance which could be used for up to 6 months.
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32. Which one of the following Acts of British India strengthened the Viceroy’s authority over his executive council by substituting “portfolio” or departmental system for corporate functioning?
(a) Indian Councils Act, 1861
(b) Government of India Act, 1858
(c) Indian Councils Act, 1892
(d) Indian Councils Act, 1909
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (a) Indian Councils Act, 1861
- The Indian Council Act of 1861 gave the Viceroy more power.
- Canning changed how the executive Council worked, so that each part of the government was run by its own person.
- This is called the ‘portfolio’ or department system.
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33. Which one of the following Acts of British India strengthened the Viceroy’s authority over his executive council by substituting the ‘portfolio’ or ‘departmental’ system for corporate functioning?
(a) Indian Council Act, 1861
(b) Government of India Act, 1858
(c) Indian Council Act, 1892
(d) Indian Council Act, 1909
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre.) 2021]
Ans (a) Indian Council Act, 1861
- The Act of 1861 made the Viceroy more powerful.
- Canning changed the way his executive team worked by giving each person a specific task or area of responsibility to look after.
- This is known as the ‘portfolio’ or ‘department’ system.
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34. Which of the following acts empowered the Indian legislative assembly to make discussions on a budget?
(a) Indian Councils Act, 1861
(b) Indian Councils Act, 1892
(c) Indian Council Act, 1909
(d) India Administration Act, 1919
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (b) Indian Councils Act, 1892
- The British Parliament passed the Indian Councils Act of 1892.
- This Act allowed members to ask questions about the budget or other matters of public interest, but not any supplementary questions.
- Additionally, additional members of the Council were allowed to ask questions about public issues after six days of notice.
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35. By which of the following Acts, the British for the first time introduced the system of indirect elections in India?
(a) 1909
(b) 1861
(c) 1867
(d) 1892
[U.P. P.C.S. (Mains) 2016]
Ans. (d) 1892
- The Indian Council Act of 1892 was the first to introduce the concept of indirect elections and representation.
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36. To control the media in India, ‘Acts’ were passed in –
(a) 1835, 1867, 1878, 1908
(b) 1854, 1864, 1872, 1910
(c) 1854, 1872, 1908, 1910
(d) 1867, 1908, 1910, 1919
[56th to 59th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a) 1835, 1867, 1878, 1908
- In 1835, a law was created to censor the media. Another law, the Registration Press and Books Act, was passed in 1867.
- Lord Lytton made the Vernacular Press Act in 1878 to stop any materials that could make people angry with the British Government in India.
- Lord Minto passed a bill in 1908 to control the press.
- This law let the Government take any publication that was against them.
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37. When were High Courts established in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta?
(a) 1861
(b) 1851
(c) 1871
(d) 1881
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2013, U.P.U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl) (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) 1861
- In 1861, the Indian High Court Act was passed which led to the creation of the Bombay, Madras, and Calcutta High Courts in 1862.
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38. The most short-lived of all of Britain’s constitutional experiments in India was:
(a) The Indian Council Act of 1861
(b) Indian Council Act of 1892
(c) Indian Council Act of 1909
(d) Government of India Act of 1919
[I.A.S. (Pre) 1999]
Ans. (c) Indian Council Act of 1909
- The Indian Councils Act of 1909 was the least lasting of Britain’s attempts at creating a new government in India.
- It was described by Ramsay MacDonald as an unsuccessful and temporary compromise between democracy and bureaucracy.
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39. Which of the following Acts introduced a separate electorate system in India?
(a) The Regulating Act, 1773
(b) The Charter Act, 1833
(c) The Pitt’s India Act, 1784
(d) The Indian Councils Act, 1909
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans (d) The Indian Councils Act, 1909
- The Marley-Minto Reforms of 1909 gave Muslims in India their own voting group and also allowed people to be represented based on their religion.
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40. The declaration of reforms on August 20, 1917, is known as:
(a) Montagu Declaration
(b) Morely Declaration
(c) Minto Declaration
(d) Chelmsford Declaration
[Chhattisgarh P.C.S. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (a) Montagu Declaration
- On August 20, 1917, Edwin Montagu (Secretary of State of India) and Lord Chelmsford created a reform called the ‘Montagu Declaration’.
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41. The Montagu-Chelmsford Report formed the basis of –
(a) The Indian Councils Act, of 1909
(b) The Government of India Act, 1919
(c) The Government of India Act, 1935
(d) The Indian Independence Act, of 1947
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2011, 53rd to 55th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2011]
Ans. (b) The Government of India Act, 1919
- The Indian Council Act of 1919 was created based on the suggestions of Edwin Montague, India’s Secretary, and Lord Chelmsford, the Viceroy.
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42. The post of the Indian High Commission was created by which Act?
(a) The Indian Councils Act, 1909
(b) The Government of India Act, 1919
(c) The Government of India Act, 1935
(d) The Indian Independence Act, 1947
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[63rd B.P.S.C (Pre.) 2017]
Ans (b) The Government of India Act, 1919
- The position of the Indian High Commission was created by India’s Government Act of 1919.
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43. In which Constitutional document Dyarchy System was introduced in Indian provinces?
(a) 1892
(b) 1909
(c) 1919
(d) 1935
[U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2005, U.P. P.C.S. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (c) 1919
- The British government in India introduced the Montagu-Chelmsford Reform with the goal of introducing self-governing institutions slowly.
- This Reform was known as “Dyarchy in the Provinces.”
- Subjects like finance, law and order, army, and police were kept under the control of the Governor, while public health, education, agriculture, and local self-government were controlled by specific members of executive councils.
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44. The Montague-Chelmsford Proposals were related to
(a) Social reforms
(b) Educational reforms
(c) Reforms in police administration
(d) Constitutional reforms
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (d) Constitutional reforms
| On The British government in India made the Montagu-Chelmsford Reform to slowly give India self-government. This reform created the ‘Dyarchy in the Provinces’. Some topics like finance, law and order and the army were kept under the control of the Governor. Other topics like health, education, agriculture and local self-government were put in the hands of some members of the executive councils. |
45. The Government of India Act of 1919 is clearly defined –
(a) the separation of power between the Judiciary and the Legislature
(b) the jurisdiction of the Central and Provincial Governments
(c) the powers of the Secretary of State for India and the Viceroy
(d) None of the above
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (b) the jurisdiction of the Central and Provincial Governments
- The British Government in India brought in the Montagu-Chelmsford Reform to slowly introduce self-governing institutions in India.
- This included a system called ‘Dyarchy in the Provinces’, where some topics like Finance, Law and order, Army, and Police were kept under the Governor’s control, while other topics like Public health, education, agriculture, and Local Self-Government were given to members of executive councils.
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46. The principle of Dyarchy was introduced by the Act of –
(a) 1861
(b) 1892
(c) 1909
(d) 1919
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Mains) 2002]
Ans. (d) 1919
- The British Government in India created the Montagu-Chelmsford Reform which would gradually establish self-governing institutions in India.
- This included a system called ‘Dyarchy in the Provinces’ where subjects like finance, law and order, army, police, etc.
- were kept under the control of the Governor.
- Subjects like public health, education, agriculture, and local self-government were given to elected members of executive councils.
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47. Identify the incorrect statement about the Government of India Act 1919:
(a) This Act is also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms Act.
(b) This Act separated the Central and Provincial subjects.
(c) The Government of India Act 1919 came into force in 1921.
(d) Montague was the Secretary of State for India and Lord Chelmsford was the Viceroy of India
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2016]
Ans. (a) This Act is also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms Act.
- The British Government in India introduced the Montagu-Chelmsford Reform in order to slowly introduce self-governing institutions.
- This Reform included something called ‘Dyarchy in the Provinces’, where certain topics like Finance, Law and Order, and the Army and Police, were kept under the control of the Governor.
- Other topics such as Public Health, Education, Agriculture, and Local Self-Government, were put in the hands of selected members of executive councils.
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48. Consider the following statements –
Assertion (A): The structure and characteristics of governance remained unitary and central with the enforcement of the Government of India Act of 1919.
Reason ( R): A large part of authority was delegated to Provinces.
Which of the following is correct in reference to the above?
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
- The Government of India Act of 1919 introduced a two-part system of government in the provinces, with 50 subjects delegated to the provinces and 47 to the central government.
- The Governor-General had strong executive power, but the form of government was mostly federal in nature.
- Therefore, statement (A) is incorrect and Reason (R) is accurate.
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49. Consider the following statements –
Assertion (A): Dyarchy means a division of administrative affairs into two sections.
Reason ( R): It was introduced for the enforcement of responsible governance in Provinces.
Which of the following is correct in reference to the above?
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
- The Government of India Act in 1919 brought about a big change to how provinces were governed.
- It established a system called Dyarchy which is two layers of Government.
- The Act divided the provincial subjects into two categories: Reserved and Transferred.
- The Reserved subjects were managed by the Governor and the Transferred subjects were handled by Indian Ministers.
- This separation of subjects is what Dyarchy is.
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50. Which of the following statements is/are true?
(A) After the Nagpur Session (1920) of Congress, the Provincial Congress Committees were constituted on a linguistic basis.
(B) In 1948, Congress rejected the demand for the formation of provinces on a linguistic basis.
Select the correct answer from the code below:
(a) Only (A)
(b) Only (B)
(c) Neither (A) nor (B)
(d) Both (A) & (B)
[R.A.S./R.T.S. (Pre) 2018]
Ans. (d) Both (A) & (B)
- In 1920, the Congress Party held a meeting in Nagpur and set up regional committees based on language.
- In 1948, the Congress Party refused the request to create provinces based on language.
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51. These were included in prime elements of the Government of India Act, 1935 –
1. Provision of Federation
2. Provincial Autonomy
3. Introduction of Dyarchy in Provinces
4. To Authorization of Federal Legislature.
Select the correct answer by using the structure of the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 and 4
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 1998]
Ans. (a) 1 and 2
- The Government of India Act of 1935 set up a Federal Legislature.
- It got rid of Dyarchy in the Provinces and allowed for Provincial Autonomy and a two-house Legislature.
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52. Which among the following introduced the Provincial Autonomy in British India?
(a) Government of India Act 1919
(b) Cabinet Mission
(c) Simon Commission
(d) Government of India Act 1935
[Jharkhand P.C.S. (Pre.) 2021]
Ans (d) Government of India Act 1935
- The Government of India Act 1935 allowed for a Federal Legislature.
- Dyarchy was removed from the Provinces and Provincial Autonomy and a two-house Legislature were brought in.
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53. By which of the following Acts was the India Council abolished?
(a) Morley Minto Reform 1909
(b) The Government of India Act 1919
(c) The Government of India Act 1935
(d) The Indian Independence Act of 1947
[U.P.R.O./A.R.O. (Pre) (Re-Exam) 2016]
Ans (c) The Government of India Act 1935
- The Government of India Act of 1935 was passed by the UK Parliament.
- The purpose of the Act was to make changes to India’s constitution.
- Diarchy (a type of government in which two people have equal power) was taken away from the provinces and given to the central government.
- Provinces were given more freedom. The federal list (a list of issues that are dealt with by the federal government) was divided into two groups – Reserved (which were controlled by the Governor-General) and Transferred (which were managed by the Governor-General and his Council of Ministers).
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54. Which of the following report was the baseline of the Government of India Act, of 1935?
(a) The Cabinet Mission
(b) The Cripps Mission
(c) The Rowlette Commission
(d) The Simon Commission
[U.P. P.S.C. (GIC) 2010]
Ans. (d) The Simon Commission
- The Government of India Act, of 1919 made a provision in its Part V, that a statutory Commission would be set up at the end of 10 years after the Act was passed which shall inquire into the working of the system of the Government.
- The Simon Commission of 1927 was an outcome of this provision.
- AllParty Conference presented the Nehru Report.
- The Simon Commission Report and three sessions of the Round Table Conference in 1930, 1931, and 1932 respectively, made their recommendations which were embodied in a White Paper published in 1933, which was considered by a Joint Select Committee of the British Parliament were the baseline of the Government of India Act, 1935.
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55. Consider the following statements:
Some of the main features of the Government of India Act, of 1935 were the:
1. Abolition of diarchy in the Governor’s provinces.
2. The power of the Governors to veto legislative action and to legislate on their own.
3. Abolition of the principle of communal representation.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1only
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1, 2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2004]
Ans. (b) 1 and 2
- The Government of India Act of 1935 was passed in August 1935 and was the longest Act of Parliament at the time.
- The main points of the Act were: it gave more freedom to the provinces of British India, which ended the system of dyarchy from the Act of 1919; it allowed for direct elections; it made changes to how the provinces were organized; it set up a Federal Court; and it increased the number of elected Indian representatives in the provincial assemblies.
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56. Government of India Act, 1935 abolished-
(a) Provincial autonomy
(b) Provincial dyarchy
(c) Federal structure of India
(d) Responsible Central Government
[42nd B.P.S.C. (Pre) 1997]
Ans. (b) Provincial dyarchy
- The Government of India Act of 1935 was passed in August 1935 and was one of the longest laws made by the British at that time.
- It gave more freedom to the provinces of British India, which replaced the system from the Government of India Act of 1919.
- It allowed for direct elections, changed the structure of the provinces, and created a Federal Court.
- It also increased the number of Indian representatives in the provincial assemblies.
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57. Consider the following statements –
In Government of India Act, of 1935 provided for –
1. The provincial autonomy.
2. The establishment of a Federal Court.
3. All India Federation at the Centre.
Which of the following statements given above are correct?
Code :
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 1 and 3
(d) 1,2 and 3
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2005]
Ans. (d) 1,2 and 3
- The Government of India Act 1935 was passed in August 1935 and was one of the longest Acts of Parliament at that time.
- It was important because it gave provinces in British India a lot of freedom, which ended the dyarchy system from the 1919 Act.
- It also allowed for direct elections and changed the membership of the provincial assemblies to include more Indian representatives.
- Additionally, it reorganised some of the provinces and created the Federal Court.
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58. Why the Government of India Act, of 1935 is important?
(a) It is a main source of the Indian Constitution
(b) By this India got freedom
(c) Division of India is described in it
(d) End of the Princely States by this
[U.P. Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015]
Ans. (a) It is a main source of the Indian Constitution
- The Government of India Act 1935 was passed in August 1935 and was the longest Act of Parliament at the time.
- It had major changes, including giving more freedom to British India’s provinces, organizing elections, changing the membership of provincial assemblies to include more Indian representatives, and creating a Federal Court.
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59. Which one of the following is not a feature of the Government of India Act of 1935?
(a) Dyarchy at the Centre as well as in the Provinces
(b) A bicameral Legislature
(c) Provincial Autonomy
(d) An All-India Federation
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2000]
Ans. (a) Dyarchy at the Centre as well as in the Provinces
- The Government of India Act 1935 was originally passed in August 1935 and is said to have been the longest (British) Act of Parliament ever enacted by that time.
- The most significant aspects of the Act were: The grant of a large measure of autonomy to the provinces of British India which ended the system of dyarchy introduced by the Government of India Act, of 1919.
- Provision of direct elections was made.
- A partial reorganization of the provinces.
- The establishment of a Federal Court. Membership of the provincial assemblies was altered to include more elected Indian representatives.
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60. The real intention of the British to include the Princely States in the Federal Union proposed by the India Act of 1935 was to –
(a) Exercise more directly political and administrative.
(b) Involve the princes actively in the administration of the colony.
(c) Finally effect of the complete political and administrative take-over of all the princely States by the British
(d) Use the princes to counter-balance the anti-imperialist doctrines of the nationalist leaders.
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2002]
Ans. (d) Use the princes to counter-balance the anti-imperialist doctrines of the nationalist leaders.
- The British wanted the Princely States to be part of the India Act of 1935, so they could use the Princes to balance the anti-imperialist beliefs of the nationalist leaders.
- The Princely States made up 25% of India’s population, and both the Upper and Lower Houses of the Federal Legislature had special representation for them.
- But the Princes were not happy with the situation in India and the spread of the National Movement, so they refused to join the Federation.
- The British were not able to get the Princes, Indian National Congress, and Muslim League to agree with the Federal Scheme, so they only introduced the Federal Court.
- This caused a big change in the way provincial politics worked, beginning on April 1, 1937.
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61. Who among the following said about the Act of 1935 a car which has a brake but no engine’?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) C. Rajgopalachari
(c) Mahatma Gandhi
(d) S.C. Bose
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2007]
Ans. (a) Jawaharlal Nehru
- Jawaharlal Nehru was the Prime Minister of India from 1947 to 1964 and he said the Government of India Act of 1935 was like a car with a brake, but no engine.
- He is known for creating the policy of Non-Alignment and the Panchsheel Theory.
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62. About which Act, Jawaharlal Nehru said, “We were provided with a car with all brakes and no engine”?
(a) Act of 1858
(b) Act of 1909
(c) Act of 1919
(d) Act of 1935
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans (d) Act of 1935
- Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s Prime Minister from 1947 to 1964, said the Government of India Act of 1935 was like a car without an engine and only a brake.
- He was the one who created the policy of Non-Alignment and the Panchsheel Theory.
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63. In which session did, the Indian National Congress reject the Government of India Act, of 1935?
(a) Ramgarh Session, 1940
(b) Lucknow Session, 1936
(c) Faizpur Session
(d) None of these
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Pre) 2013]
Ans. (b) Lucknow Session, 1936
- At the Lucknow Session of 1936, chaired by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, the Indian National Congress rejected the Government of India Act of 1935.
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64. Who amongst the following had called the Government of India Act, of 1935 the “Charter of Slavery”?
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru
(b) M.A. Jinnah
(c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(d) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
[U.P. U.D.A./L.D.A. (Spl.) (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (a) Jawaharlal Nehru
- The Government of India Act of 1935 was launched on August 4, 1935.
- Jawaharlal Nehru referred to the special rights and protections given to the Governor-General as a “Charter of Slavery”.
- This act was the longest document of British rule ever created, consisting of 14 Parts, 321 Sections, and 10 Schedules.
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65. The ‘Instrumentation of Instructions” contained in the Government of India Act, 1935 has been incorporated in the Constitution of India in the year 1950 as–
(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Directive Principles of State Policy
(c) Extent of Executive Power of State
(d) Conduct of Business of the Government of India
[I.A.S. (Pre) 2010]
Ans. (b) Directive Principles of State Policy
- The rules for how education should be carried out, called “Instrumentation of Instruction,” which were part of the Government of India Act in 1935, were added to the Constitution of India in 1950 as the Directive Principles of State Policy.
- People said this part of the Constitution was very important.
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66. Who has said it: ‘I have not to beg pardon in connection with the allegation that in the draft of the Constitution, a major part of the Government of India Act, 1935, has again been reproduced’?
(a) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
(b) Sardar Patel
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru
(d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
[U.P.P.C.S. (Mains) 2015]
Ans. (d) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar stated that it was not necessary for him to apologize for the fact that much of the Government of India Act, 1935 was reused in the draft of the Constitution during the discussions in Parliament about creating the Constitution.
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67. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below –
List-I
A. The Regulating Act, 1773
B. Indian Council Act, 1909
C. Government of India Act, 1919
D. Government of India Act, 1935
List-II
1. Provision for Autonomy of Provinces.
2. Introduction of Dyarchy
3. Introduction of Communal Electorate
4. Establishment of Supreme Court
Code :
A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4
(b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 2 1 4 3
(d) 3 4 1 2
[Uttarakhand P.C.S. (Pre) 2003]
Ans. (b) 4 3 2 1
- The list is matched correctly as follows: The Regulating Act of 1773 set up the Supreme Court, the Indian Council Act of 1909 brought in communal electorates, the Government of India Act of 1919 introduced a system of Dyarchy, and the Government of India Act of 1935 allowed for autonomy of provinces.
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68. Which Act is not a landmark in the development of the Constitution during British Rule?
(a) The Regulating Act, 1773
(b) The Charter Act, 1833
(c) The Government of India Act, 1919
(d) The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
(e) None of the above/More than one of the above
[66th B.P.S.C. (Pre) 2020]
Ans (d) The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
- The Protection of Civil Rights Act (PCR Act), 1955 was passed and officially declared on 8th May 1955.
- In 1976, it was changed and was renamed as “Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955”, before this it was called Untouchability (Offences) Act, 1955.
- This law applies to the whole of India and gives punishments for the practice of untouchability.
- Therefore, it has no connection with the development of the Constitution.
- Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.
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