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The World Mountain Ranges Notes with PDF

By October 4, 2025 Educational Resources 0 Comments

These notes are your ultimate revision weapon to revise The World Mountain Ranges. We’ve distilled years of previous exam questions (PYQs) into one powerful, concise resource. Everything you need to know, nothing you don’t.

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Major Mountain Ranges of the World

  • The Andes
    • Continent: South America.
    • Significance: Longest mountain range in the world.
  • The Himalayas
    • Significance: Contains the highest peaks in the world.
    • Type: Young folded mountains.
  • The Rockies
    • Continent: North America.
  • The Alps
    • Continent: Europe.
    • Location: Passes through France, Germany, Austria, and others. Not part of England.
  • Southern Alps
    • Location: New Zealand.
  • Great Dividing Range
    • Location: Australia.

Classification of Mountains

  • Based on Age of Formation
    • Young Fold Mountains (Tertiary Orogeny)
      • Examples: The Alps, The Andes, The Himalayas.
    • Old Fold Mountains
      • Examples: The Appalachians (North America), The Aravallis (India), The Ural Mountains, The Pennines (Europe).
  • Based on Process of Formation
    • Folded Mountains: Pennines, Appalachians, Aravallis.
    • Residual Mountains: Vindhya (India).
    • Volcanic Mountains: Fujiyama (Japan).
    • Block Mountains: Vosges (Europe).

Specific Mountain Ranges and Peaks by Region

  • Europe
    • Ranges:
      • Alps (Young Fold)
      • Pennines (Old Fold)
      • Vosges (Block)
      • Pyrenees (Spain-France border)
      • Apennine Mountains (Italy)
      • Dinaric Alps (Balkan region)
      • Cantabrian Mountains (Spain)
      • Black Forest (Germany, along the Rhine River)
    • Peaks:
      • Elbrus (Russia) – Highest peak in Europe.
      • Mount Titlis (Switzerland)
  • Asia
    • Ranges:
      • Himalayas (Young Fold)
      • Aravalli Range (Old Fold)
      • Kunlun Mountains (Old)
      • Elburz Mountains (Iran)
      • India-Myanmar Border Ranges: Khasi, Patkoi, Arakan Yoma (Arakan Yoma is an extension of the Himalayas in Myanmar).
    • Peaks:
      • Fujiyama (Japan) – Volcanic mountain.
  • Africa
    • Ranges:
      • Atlas Mountains (Morocco)
      • Drakensberg (South Africa)
    • Peaks:
      • Kilimanjaro (Tanzania) – Highest mountain in Africa.
  • North America
    • Ranges:
      • Rockies
      • Appalachians (Old Fold)
      • Allegheny Mountains (part of Appalachians, USA)
      • Mackenzie Mountains (Canada)
    • Peaks:
      • McKinley (Denali, USA) – Highest peak in North America.
    • Other: White Mountains and Black Mountain are located in the USA.
  • South America
    • Ranges:
      • Andes (Young Fold)
    • Peaks:
      • Chimborazo (Ecuador)
  • Oceania
    • Ranges:
      • Southern Alps (New Zealand)
      • Great Dividing Range (Australia)
    • Peaks:
      • Mt. Cook (New Zealand) – Highest mountain in New Zealand.
      • Kosciuszko (Australia) – Highest peak on the Australian mainland.

Comparative Geography & Terminology

  • Descending Order of Mountain Range Length:
    1. Andes
    2. Rocky Mountains
    3. The Himalayas
    4. Great Dividing Range
  • Geographical Locations:
    • Darling Range: Situated along the South-Western Coast of Australia.
  • Geographical Terms:
    • Volcanic Cone: Identified as a basic landform.
    • British Columbia: Known as the ‘Sea of Mountains’.
    • Golan Heights: A region frequently in news events related to the Middle East.
  • General Fact: The highest peaks are mostly found in young folded mountains.

Know More About The World Mountain Ranges:

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